Cellulose butyrate

Cellulose activated with ethylenediarnine [107-15-3] is used to prepare high molecular-weight cellulose butyrate (23). Cellulose so activated has a larger measured surface area (120 m /g) than cellulose activated with acetic acid (4.8 m /g). The diamine is removed with water, followed by solvent exchange with acetic acid and butyric acid before esterification. 

Other mixed esters, eg, cellulose acetate valerate [55962-79-3] cellulose propionate valerate [67351-41-17, and cellulose butyrate valerate [53568-56-2] have been prepared by the conventional anhydride sulfuric acid methods (25). Cellulose acetate isobutyrate [67351-38-6] (44) and cellulose propionate isobutyrate [67351-40-0] (45) have been prepared with a 2inc chloride catalyst. Large amounts of catalyst and anhydride are required to provide a soluble product, and special methods of delayed anhydride addition are necessary to produce mixed esters containing the acetate moiety. Mixtures of sulfuric acid and perchloric acid are claimed to be effective catalysts for the preparation of cellulose acetate propionate in dichi oromethane solution at relatively low temperatures (46) however, such acid mixtures are considered too corrosive for large-scale productions. 

Cellulose acetate valerate, 5 421 Cellulose aminoacetates, 5 419 Cellulose-based carbon fibers, 26 735-736 Cellulose-binding module (CBM), 10 282 Cellulose butyrate... 

While other organic esters are commercially available, namely cellulose butyrate and cellulose propionate, by far the most widely used is cellulose acetate, which is available as plastics, in films, sheets, fibers, and lacquers. Cellulose acetate is used in the manufacture of display packaging and as extruded film for decorative signs, and to coat a variety of fibers. Injected molded products include toothbrush handles, combs, and brushes. It is also used in lacquers and protective coatings for metal, glass, and paper. Cellulose acetate films are used in reverse osmosis to purify blood, fruit juices, and brackish water. Some eyeglass frames are... 

Cellulose esters (e.g., cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose propionate, and cellulose butyrate) are prepared by initially treating cellulose with glacial acetic acid (or propionic acid and butyric acid) followed by the corresponding acid anhydride with a trace of strong acid as a catalyst in chlorinated hydrocarbon. Complete esterification reactions result in the formation of a triester, which undergoes water hydrolysis to form a diester. Cellulose acetate alone or in combination with cellulose triacetate or cellulose butyrate is used as a semipermeable membrane for osmotic pumping tablets, primarily in controlled release systems. The permeability of the membrane can be further modulated by adding water-soluble excipients to the cellulose esters. 

It should be remarked that for cellulose derivatives (cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate and ethyl cellulose) the values of Mu were found to be much smaller than the molar weight of the structural units. 

Fig. 5. Sedimentation coefficient (s] vs. molecular weight M for cellulose esters 1 cellulose carbanilate in ethyl acetate 2 cellulose butyrate in methyl ethyl ketone ) 3 cellulose mono-phenylacetate in benzene 4 cellulose diphenyl phosphonocarbamate in dioxane ) 5 cellulose benzoate in dioxane ...

The microform effect can also substantially affect flow birefringence is induced by a change in the refractive index of the solvent and may influence not only the value but also the sign of the observed anisotropy. According to the data in Table 6 this occurs, for example, for cellulose butyrate and nitrate Milutions. 

Cellulose ester membranes (e.g., cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose cyanoethal-ate, cellulose methacrylate, and mixtures of these) can be employed for the acid components of a natural gas stream. The membranes can be either flat films or hollow fibers. 

In the presence of water (moisture) the reverse reaction can occur and is indeed favored at ordinary conditions for organic acids. Consequently, cellulose esters from organic acids like acetic acid and higher homolog are prepared only by the removal of water as it is formed. The resulting product is moisture sensitive, the degree of which decreases with the progressive hydrocarbon nature of R. Therefore while cellulose acetate (R = -CH3) is susceptible to hydrolysis, cellulose propionate (R = -CHj-CHj-CHj) and cellulose butyrate [R = -(CHjlj-CHj] are hydrophobic, b. The formation of cellulose ethers, unlike that of cellulose esters, is not reversible. Cellulose ethers are therefore less sensitive to hydrolysis than cellulose esters. 

Cellulose butyrate and cellulose propionate are also available. They tend to be tougher than cellulose acetate, easier to process, and more resistant to water, though less resistant to organic compounds. The butyrate polymers sometimes have an undesirable odor. 

Cellulose butyrate contains the bulkier butyryl group these esters are more compatible and soluble than acetates, but are too soft for most coating applications. Cellulose esterified with blends of alkyl groups can provide many intermediate properties needed in coatings. Selection of the appropriate cellulose acetate butyrate [9004-36-8] (CAB) and cellulose acetate propionate [9004-39-f] (CAP) content must be based on specific application requirements. 

Esters of other aliphatic acids are prepared in a similar manner using the appropriate anhydride. Industrially important esters include cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). The mixed esters, CAP and CAB, are prepared by using a mixture of anhydrides in the desired ratios, or by reacting cellulose with propionic or butyric acid and acetic anhydride. Both reactions require sulfuric acid as a catalyst. 

Cyclic anhydrides like acetic, phthalic, and succinic anhydride have been widely used in cellulose modifications to produce different cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose benzoate, cellulose phthalate, and cellulose with or without catalyst, which have several applications such as water absorbents for soil in agriculture, drug delivery system, and as thermoplastic. 

Research Chemist, Benjamin Moore and Company, Flanders, New Jersey Cellulose acetate Cellulose butyrate Cellulose nitrate Ethylcellulose HydroxypropylceUulose... 

Cellulose Cellulose acetate Cellulose butyrate Cellulose nitrate Chitin Collagen... 

Chem. Descrip. Ethoxyethanol acetate CAS 111-15-9 EINECS/ELINCS 203-839-2 Uses Solvent for coatings (NC, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, butyrate, acrylic, urethane)... 

Chem. Deserp. Diethyl phthalate CAS 84-66-2 EINECS/ELINCS 201-550-6 Uses Plasticizer for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, cellulose butyrate, paints, varnishes, nail polishes, deodorants Palatinol AH [BASE AG]... 

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