Pollution control system

Beneficiation faciUties require air and water pollution control systems, including efficient control of dust emissions, treatment of process water, and proper disposal of tailings (see AiRPOLLUTlON CONTROLMETHODS). In handling finished fluorspar, operators must avoid breathing fluorspar dust and contacting fluorspar with acids. Proper disposal of spills and the use of respirators and other personnel protective equipment must be observed. Contact with fluorspar may irritate the skin and eyes. 

Other Discharge Sources Including Process Water Treatment, Air Pollution Control Systems and Compressor Blowdown... 

Efficiency of the control equipment is normally specified before the equipment is purchased. If a plant is emitting a pollutant at 500 kg/rir and the regulations allow an emission of only 25 kg/hr, it is obvious that at least 95% efficiency is required of the pollution control system. This situation requires the regulation to state "at least 95% removal on a weight basis." The regulation should further specify how the test will be made to determine the efficiency. Figure 28-4 shows the situation as it exists. 

Selection and insteillation of an integrated air pollution control system do not end the concern of the utility industry. Maintenance and operational problems of the system are considered by many engineers to be the weak link in the chain of power generation equipment (6). The reliability of the... 

Air pollution control systems using wet scrubbers will remove some water-soluble gases, but the removal of particulate matter is the primary concern for a control system. The air pollution control system, therefore, is usually a single device such as a wet scrubber, small-diameter multiple cyclones, fabric filters, or ESPs. The multicyclones are the least expensive system and the ESPs the most expensive. 

Gasoline-powered motor vehicles outnumber all other mobile sources combined in the number of vehicles, the amount of energy consumed, and the mass of air pollutants emitted. It is not surprising that they have received the greatest share of attention regarding emission standards and air pollution control systems. Table 25-2 shows the U.S. federal emission control requirements for gasoline-powered passenger vehicles. 

Environmental factors include (a) the impact of control technology on ambient air quality (b) the contribution of the pollution control system to the volume and characteristics of wastewater and solid waste generation and (c) maximum allowable emissions requirements. 

There are, however, limits to pollution prevention, and indeed, there are simply situations where it is more costly to invest in so-called green technologies, as opposed to relying on traditional pollution control systems. 

Commercially available thermal oxidizer systems are pre-engineered, that is, the equipment is designed on the principle that in order for the equipment to be competitive in the marketplace, then a series of products of fundamentally standard designs are tailored to the application by changing some of the parameters as dictated by the requirements. This is not always the case with other pollution control systems, as oftentimes custom built-systems are specified. Since thermal oxidation equipment has a burner, the designs require controls for safety and operation. 

Heumann, 1997. W. L. Heumann, Industrial Air Pollution Control Systems, McGraw Hill Publishers, Inc., Washington, D. C. 

The incineration process may be viewed as consisting of four parts (1) preparation of the feed materials for placement in the incinerator (pretreatment), (2) incineration or combustion of the material in a combustion chamber, (3) cleaning of the resultant air stream by air pollution control devices (APCDs) which are suitable for the application at hand, and (4) disposal of the residues from the application of the process (including ash, and air pollution control system residues). 

Centrifugation is a well-established liquid-solid separation process popular in commercial and municipal waste treatment facilities. It is usually used to reduce slurry and sludge volumes and to increase the solids concentration in these waste streams. It is a technically and economically competitive process and is commonly used on waste sludges produced from water pollution control systems and on biological sludges produced in industry and municipal treatment facilities. 

These nine rules of thumb represent tlie basic design elements of a pollution control system. Tlie engineering approach suggests tliat each element be evaluated independently and as part of the whole control system. However, tlie engineering design and evaluation must be an integrated part of the complete pollution control program. 

The pollution control system that is integrated into the manufacturing process consists of three basic steps ... 

Another critical part of the incinerator design is the pollution control system.11 Pollution control systems directly influence the levels and kinds of pollutants that are released and that can potentially reach the public. Most modern hazardous waste incinerators are designed with extensive air pollution removal systems. For example, a common pollution control system might include a system that cools or quenches gases produced by burning waste, followed by a system that reduces acid gas emissions, and ultimately followed by a particulate removal system such as fabric filters (bag-houses), electrostatic precipitators, venturi scrubbers, and others.10... 

When hydrogen is burned in a combustion chamber instead of a conventional boiler, high-pressure superheated steam can be generated and fed directly into a turbine. This could cut the capital cost of a power plant by one half. While hydrogen is burned, there is essentially no pollution. Expensive pollution control systems, which can be almost one third of the capital costs of conventional fossil fuel power plants are not required. This should also allow plants to be located closer to residential and commercial loads, reducing power transmission costs and line losses. 

Quane, D.E. Stumpf, M.R. Coal-fired boilers bum waste sludge and odors in an integrated pollution control system. 46th Annual Water Pollution Control Federation Conference, Cleveland, OH, 1973. 

Most industrial operations today now have pollution control systems, like the one shown in this chemical plant, to reduce the levels of sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released to the atmosphere. (Maximilian Stock Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc.)... 

T0701 Seder Pollution Control Systems, High-Temperature Vitrification System T0746 STC Remediation, Inc., Solidification/Stabilization Technology T0747 SteamTech Environmental Services and Integrated Water Resources, Inc., Steam-Enhanced Extraction (SEE)... 

T0701 Seiler Pollution Control Systems, High-Temperature Vitrification System... 

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