Domestic textiles

Of particular danger for countries under the influence of the WB and IMF is the external funding of the import of cheep goods (a form of dumping). For instance, in Zambia, the opening up of the domestic market to textile import led to the collapse of the domestic textile sector with the closure of the majority of textile factories and the ensuing unemployment, closure of schools, reduced finance for the health service and... 

Domestic textiles, such as upholstery, curtains, drapes, bedspreads, sheets, and blankets and... 

Foly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). A microcrystalline thermoplastic polyester. As a man-made fibre, it is suitable for producing clothing, domestic textiles, and industrial fabrics. PET films are excellent packaging and electrical insulating ma-terials with high mechanical strength, thermal stability, low vapour and gas permeability, favourable electric properties. PET moulding compounds are processed into... 

Polyester fibers are the most universal and versatile of all fibers, and this explains their above average development (Figure 38-1). They are eminently suitable for clothing and domestic textiles, where they are used alone or in combination with cotton or wool. 

Formaldehyde in 95 samples of lady pajamas collected in Chinese market was detected and distribution characteristics of formaldehyde content was analyzed using Oracle Crystal Ball 11.1 software and results showed that the formaldehyde concentration conforms to the Max Extreme distribution most. The risk assement model of formaldehyde in domestic textile was established using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The model was applied to the practice and the result showed that cumulative probability of risk of being exposed to formaldehyde in pajamas through the skin less than 10 is 98.69%, so the risk can be ignored. 

Mixtures of hydrocarbons with calcium alkyl phosphate particles are known to be effective antifoams in the context of domestic textile machine washing where wash cycles can last for up to 1 h and involve temperature ranges from 30°C to 95°C (see Section 8.2.4.1) [43, 44]. Under these circumstances, little or no deactivation of antifoam effectiveness is apparent. Mixtures of hydrocarbons with alkyl phosphoric acid esters also function as antifoams in this context provided the aqueous phase has a high enough pH and calcium ions are present [43, 44] so that the calcium salts can precipitate as particles in situ at the relevant hydrocarbon-water interface. This behavior is of course analogous to that shown by mixtures of oleic acid and hexadecane when dispersed in an aqueous phase under similar conditions [45]. As with the preformed calcium alkyl phosphate particles, no deactivation of antifoam effectiveness is observed in the case of in situ formation of the precipitates. Indeed, it has been observed that continuous aeration for several hours, using a circulating Ross-Miles apparatus at 90°C (see Section 2.2.3), of an aqueous solution of a blend of a commercial sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and an ethoxylated alcohol in the presence of mixtures of a hydrocarbon and an alkyl phosphoric acid ester (dispersed... 

Hometech (domestic textiles) These are textiles used in a domestic environment, such as interior decoration and furniture, carpeting, curtains, cushion materials, fireproofing, floor, and wall coverings. 

In domestic textiles, blinds and curtains with PCMs can be used for reduction of the heat flux through windows. In the summer month s large amounts of heat penetrate the buildings through windows during the day. At night in the winter months the windows are the main source of thermal loss. Results of the test carried out on curtains containing PCM have indicated a 30% reduction of the heat flux in comparison to curtains without PCM [49]. 

Another important bisphenol is dichlorophene (dichlorophane, methylene-bis(4-chlorophenol)) [97-23-4]. Whereas it is not as active against bacteria as hexachlorophane, it has found miscehaneous apphcations, eg, as a rot preservative for textiles (89) as a treatment for athlete s foot and for tapeworm in humans and domestic animals as a slimicide in paper manufacture and as an antibacterial agent in water-cooling systems (90). 

The polymers are of interest as water-soluble packaging films for a wide variety of domestic and industrial materials. (Additional advantages of the poly(ethylene oxide)s are that they remain dry to the feel at high humidities and may be heat sealed.) The materials are also of use in a number of solution application such as textile sizes and thickening agents. As a water-soluble film they are competitive with poly(vinyl alcohol) whereas in their solution applications they meet competition from many longer established natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers. 

World production expressed as 100% H2O2 approached 1.9 million tonnes in 1994 of which half was in Europe and one-fifth in the USA. The earliest and still the largest industrial use for H2O2 is as a bleach for textiles, paper pulp, straw, leather, oils and fats, etc. Domestic use as a hair bleach and a mild disinfectant has diminished somewhat. Hydrogen peroxide is also extensively used to manufacture chemicals, notably sodium perborate (p. 206) and percarbonate, which are major constituents of most domestic detergents at least in the UK and Europe. Normal formulations include 15-25% of such peroxoacid salts, though the practice is much less widespread in the USA, and the concentrations, when included at all, are usually less than 10%. 

Electric storage hot water heaters and instantaneous water heaters are used for simple domestic applications and are not considered in this text. For many smaller HW and lower pressure steam generation applications (including bakery ovens and proofers, jacketed kettles, fish pots and other cooking equipment, wineries, breweries, textiles, laundries, phosphatizing processes, humidification, steam baths, clean rooms, and pharmaceuticals), electric boilers offer significant advantages over fossil-fuel boilers and are often the product of choice. 

Microbial systems Consortium comprised of three bacterial strains capable of degrading several textile dyes including azo dyes in a rotating biological contactor Sludge from a domestic... 

Uses The urea formaldehyde resins are used for domestic electrical fittings, bottle caps. These also find use for wood adhesives, surface coatings and textile finishings. 

Some empirical research also includes a variable assumed to reflect the size of the country or its domestic market. The results are not uniform for countries and branches, but two studies identify a significant correlation between scale and trade performance for the car industry, among others (Fagerberg, 1995 Soete, 1981). With regard to the importance of price competition, the evidence is less clear cut. As might be expected, price competition seems to be important in many low-tech industries (e.g., textiles and clothes). The investment variable measured per worker fails to have a significant impact in all but a few cases. 

AEs have found application in all kinds of domestic and institutional detergents, and cleaning agents. Their low foaming characteristics, better electrolyte compatibility and degreasing capacity relative to anionic surfactants make them especially attractive for use in I I products [18]. Furthermore, they are applied in cosmetics, agriculture, and in the textile, paper and oil industries. They have become increasingly important in more recent years, due to efforts to replace APEO. 

Expansion of synthetic fiber production is crucial if the textile industry is to supply more and better clothing to consumers. Synthetics will substitute for natural homegrown cotton, wool or silk in the production of textiles and thus release land previously devoted to cotton, for food production. Cotton cloth production at the 1980 level of 12 billion square meters is insufficient to meet domestic demand, and is still rationed. 

ISO 105-X10 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part XIO Assessment of migration of textile colours into polyvinyl chloride coatings ISO 264 1976 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fittings with plain sockets for pipes under pressure - Laying lengths - Metric series ISO 265-1 1988 Pipes and fittings of plastics materials - Fittings for domestic and industrial waste pipes - Basic dimensions Metric series - Part 1 Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U)... 

The Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP) handles questions concerning the safety of consumer products (nonfood products intended for the consumer). In particular, the Committee addresses questions in relation to the safety and allergenic properties of cosmetic products and ingredients with respect to their impact on consumer health, toys, textiles, clothing, personal care products, domestic products such as detergents, and consumer services such as tattooing (EU 2006f). 

While bleaching reactions are outside the usual scope of catalytic research, they are particularly important i.a. in the context of laundry washing and effluent cleaning [20]. For textile cleaning, activation of the oxidant (H2O2, domestic bleach) at temperatures below 40 °C is critical. Some Mn compounds seem to have potential for this application [21]. For... 

The principal use of sodium carbonate peroxohydrate is as a bleaching agent in domestic and laundry detergents. It is used also for industrial textile-bleaching, tripe-bleaching, and in denture cleaners. It can also be used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry. 

North American archaeological sites reflect the use of colorants, exemplified by the abundance of die inorganic mineral pigment red ochre in domestic and mortuary contexts in sites from the Clovis through the Mississippian periods (10000 B.P.-1400 A.D.). Typically the presence of these accumulations of pigment minerals is interpreted as material used in ceramics, or for body painting. Color on textiles is not usually considered. 

Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) is sold in drugstores as a 3% aqueous solution for domestic use and is marketed as a 30% aqueous solution for industrial and laboratory use. Because of its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is used as a mild antiseptic and as a bleach for textiles, paper pulp, and hair. In the chemical industry, hydrogen peroxide is a starting material for the synthesis of other peroxide compounds, some of which are used in the manufacture of plastics. 

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