Minerals and inorganics

G. Ferraris, Mineral and Inorganic Crystals, in Fundamentals of Crystallography, 2nd ed., C. Giacovazzo, H. E. Monaco, G. Artioli, D. Viterbo, G. Ferraris, G. Gilli, G. Zanotti and M. Catti, Eds., Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2002, Chapter 7. 

Robie and Waldbaum (43) Thermochemical data for minerals and inorganic compounds. 

Minerals and Inorganic Components Associated with South Australian Lignites... 

The procedures developed for the analysis of the minerals and inorganics were the result of an extensive series of tests to determine the optimum conditions for these specific sample types. This was then combined with general procedures for the analytical equipment. 

The chemical analysis does not distinguish between minerals and inorganics in the lignite. Despite this drawback, it was possible to detect trends occurring in the inorganics associated with the lignite. 

For minerals and inorganic samples, low temperature is almost useless to improve structure solution and only marginally relevant to improve the refinement, unless dealing with host-guest materials like zeolites. In facts, for harder materials ambient temperature is already quite comparable and sometimes lower than the Debye temperature. Therefore, resolution is seldom a limitation for structure refinement of minerals at ambient temperature. On the contrary, for macromolecules and especially for proteins, the low temperature significantly increases the number of... 

Krivovichev, S. V. and Filatov, S. K. (1999). Structural principles for minerals and inorganic compounds containing anion-centred tetrahedra. Amer. Miner. 84, 1099 106. 

Marfiinin, A. S. Physics of Minerals and Inorganic Materials Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1979 340 pp. 

Emission of Particles and Photons from the Fracture of Minerals and Inorganic Materials... 

Godovikov A.A. Using electronegativities in the systematics of minerals and inorganic substances. Zhurn. Neorg. Khim. 1993 38 1468-82. 

Ravey, M., Farberman, B., Hendel, I., Epstein, S., Shemer, R. A vessel for low-pressure acid dissolution of mineral and inorganic samples. Anal. Chem. 67, 2296-2298 (1995)... 

Tossell, J. A., and G. V. Gibbs (1977b). Molecular orbital studies of geometries and spectra of minerals and inorganic compounds. Phys. Chem. Mineral. 2, 21-58. 

The total weight of Minerals and Inorganics expressed on a dry coal basis gives the best estimate corresponding to "mineral matter" in high-rank coal technology. In the case of Latrobe Valley coals the Inorganics are far more important than Minerals both in quantity and from a utilization point of view. 

Part of the difficulty encountered in searching and interpreting the literature on polymorphic behaviour of materials is due to the inconsistent labelling of polymorphs. In many cases, the inconsistency arises from lack of an accepted standard notation. However, often, and perhaps more important, it is due to the lack of various authors awareness of previous work or lack of attempts to reconcile their own work with earlier studies (see, for instance. Bar and Bernstein 1985). While many polymorphic minerals and inorganic compounds acmally have different names (e.g. calcite, aragonite and vaterite for calcium carbonate or rutile, brookite, and anatase for titanium dioxide) this has not been the practice for molecular crystals, which have been labelled with Arabic (1, 2, 3,...) or Roman (I, II, III,...) numerals, lower or upper case Latin (a, b, c,... or A, B, C,...) or lower case Greek a, P,y, ) letters, or by names descriptive of properties (red form, low-temperature polymorph, metastable modification, etc.). 

The crystal chemistry of phosphate minerals has recently been reviewed [9, 10]. These references present a stmctural hierarchy based on the pol5mierization of polyhedra of higher bond-valence, especially tetrahedra and octahedra. In a similar fashion, an extensive stmctural hierarchy of uranyl minerals and inorganic compounds has been developed over the last decade [11, 12]. This chapter follows the concepts and principles of both of these stmctural hierarchies, but places the primary emphasis on actinide coordination. As the coordination environments of the actinides differ with valence state [13, 14], it has been found convenient to discuss the compounds of the lower valence-state actinides separately from those of the higher valence-states. 

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