Textile cleaning

Surface-Active Agents. Polyol (eg, glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, and propylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide) esters of long-chain fatty acids are nonionic surfactants (qv) used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, cleaning compounds, and many other appHcations (103,104). Those that are most widely used are included in Table 3. 

A recent EU-funded study examined the operation of 2 full-scale liquid carbon dioxide (LCO ) pilot units in Denmark and the Netherlands, based on 38 different textile materials and 9 different garment types. The study identified several advantages of LCO textile cleaning compared to perc dry cleaning ... 

While bleaching reactions are outside the usual scope of catalytic research, they are particularly important i.a. in the context of laundry washing and effluent cleaning [20]. For textile cleaning, activation of the oxidant (H2O2, domestic bleach) at temperatures below 40 °C is critical. Some Mn compounds seem to have potential for this application [21]. For... 

Softeners and Anti-stats. A recent formulation trend is to incorporate fabric care benefits, such as softening and anti-static properties, into textile cleaning products in both powder and liquid fomi. The most common ingredient used is ditallnw dimethyl ammonium chloride, the same material used in many liquid fabric-softener products ... 

I will briefly review some of the mechanisms of soil removal involved in aqueous and nonaqueous textile cleaning before proceeding to the experiments and results of this study. This discussion provides background information on the two methods of cleaning. 

Use Floor polishes, paints, adhesives, paper coatings, catalyst supports, latex products, textile cleaning treatments, photosensitized paper, binder for inorganic fibrous materials, reactant for synthetic silicates. 

Dorfler et al [82] systematically studied the phase behaviour of quaternary systems, consisting of water, non-ionic surfactants, a co-surfactant and a hydrocarbon, with regard to possible applications in the textile-cleaning sector. As an example, Fig. 8.14 shows the... 

A cheaper process for the environmentally friendly solvent ethyl lactate uses a membrane to separate ammonia and water by-products. The ammonium lactate made by fermentation of carbohydrates is cracked to lactic acid, which is then esterifled with ethanol. This process eliminates the large amounts of waste salts formed with other processes.248 This solvent has been suggested as a replacement for 80% of the 3.8 million tons of solvent used each year in the United States for electronics, paints, coatings, textiles, cleaning, adhesives, printing, and deicing. 

Hostapur . [Hoechst Celanese/Colorants Surf. Hoechst AC] Wetting agent, detergent for textiles, cleaning agents, shampoos. 

Extra losses due to washing out of textile, cleaning operations, paste preparation for printing are estimated as follows [10] ... 

Application of Microemulsions in Textile Cleaning Using Model Detergency Tests... 

Chem. Descrip. Rutile titanium dioxide, stannic oxide/antimony doped Uses Electroconductive pigment, antlstat for antl-electrostatic equip., anti-electrostatic materials (paints. Inks, plastics, rubber, textiles), clean room construction, electrostatic recording paper Features Resilient to humidity exc. chem./physical stability quality white color... 

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