Domestic bleach

A saucepan of vegetable stew had been heated too long and had formed a thick carbonised adherent cake. In an attempt to clean the pan, 1 1 of domestic bleach was added and the pan was left to heat on an electric hotplate. Again it was left too long and after all the water had evaporated, the residue exploded violently. This was attributed to formation of sodium chlorate dining evaporation, and ignition of the overheated chlorate-impregnated carbonised mass. 

Kiwi Brands (Melbourne) 1500 Gaseous chlorine to hypo for domestic bleach Part of Sara Lee. Ionics membrane cell... 

While bleaching reactions are outside the usual scope of catalytic research, they are particularly important i.a. in the context of laundry washing and effluent cleaning [20]. For textile cleaning, activation of the oxidant (H2O2, domestic bleach) at temperatures below 40 °C is critical. Some Mn compounds seem to have potential for this application [21]. For... 

The chirality conies from the diamine and the oxidation from ordinary domestic bleach (NaOCl), which continually recreates the Mn=0 bond as it is used in the epoxidation. Only 0.7% catalyst is needed to keep the cycle going efficiently. The epoxide is as good as the diol in the Ritter reaction and the whole process gives a 50% yield of enantiomerically pure cis-ami no-indanol on a very large scale. 

Domestic bleach is typically a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl(aq). It is made by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of sodium hydroxide. 

Oxidising agents—diphenylamine test. Filter a portion of the sample md add 2 (hops of the filtrate to 1 ml of a 1% solution of diphenylamine in sulphuric acid. A deep blue colour, appearing immediately, indicates tiie presence of an oxidising agent. The test will detect hypochlorite (from domestic bleach), bromates, chlorates, iodates, nitrates, and nitrites. Tests to distinguish between certain anions will be foimd imder Metals and Anions (p.64). 

When they are perceived to be pests, mildews are sometimes treated with a pesticide called a mildewcide. Commonly used chemicals for this purpose include benzoic acid, formaldehyde, cresols, phenols, sulfur powder, and organic compounds containing mercury, lead, zinc, or copper. Infestations of mildews on books, walls, and other organic-rich surfaces can sometimes be treated by wiping with a dilute solution of domestic bleach (sodium hjpochlorite). 

The amount of chlorine available in a domestic bleach which contains sodium chlorate(l) can be found by allowing the bleach to react with an iodide solution to form iodine, and then titrating with thiosulphate solution ... 

A domestic bleach in solution is diluted by pipetting lO.Ocm and making this volume up to 250cm . A 25.0 cm pottioa of the soludoo is adiM to an excess of potaadum iodide aixl ethanoic acid and titrattd a nst sodium thiosulphate solution of concentration... 

Mn(III) sits neatly in a tetracoordinate pocket in the ligand, and catalyses the epoxidation of simple alkenes by sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, ordinary domestic bleach. Best results are obtained when the alkenes are cis (although an alternative range of ligands, developed by Tsutomu Katsuki, work well with trans alkenes), and one of the most significant applications of the Jacobsen epoxidation is with indene, which gives an epoxide in 84% ee with <1% of the catalyst. The mechanism of the reaction is complex and not fully understood, although it probably involves a Mn(V) oxo species and may involve radical intermediates. 

Saturated (and some unsaturated) long-chain hydroxy compounds can be converted to tetrahydrofurans by oxidation with reagents that convert the alcohol (ROH) to its alkoxide radical (RO ). These include lead tetra-acetate, silver oxide/bromine, mercuric oxide/iodine, sodium hypochlorite (domestic bleach), and A -iodosuccinimide (Scheme 12). 

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term that describes (i) free radicals, e.g. the hydroxyl radical OH (NB it differs from the hydroxyl ion OH ) (ii) ions, e.g. the hypochlorite ion C10 , the conjugate base formed from the dissociation of hypochlorous acid and the active component of domestic bleach (iii) a combined free radical and ion, e.g. the superoxide anion 02 or (iv) molecules, e.g. hydrogen peroxide H2O2. 

A third consideration is the nature of the consequences which flow from the event concerned. The degree of care required of a person or organization is proportional to the gravity of the consequences if the degree of care is not met. Clearly it is incumbent upon someone in a museum laboratory to exercise more care in using cyanide than in using domestic bleach, because the likely result of exposure to those two chemicals is, of course, widely different in seriousness. 

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