Device integration

Monitoring measurement of air pollution. See also continuous sampling device, integrated sampling device. 

Micro Total Analysis Systems (pTAS) are chip-based micro-channel systems that serve for complete analytics. The word Total refers to the monolithic system character of the devices, integrating a multitude of miniature functional elements with minimal dead volumes. The main fields of application are related to biology, pharmacology, and analytical chemistry. Detailed applications of pTAS systems are given in Section 1.9.8. Recently, pTAS developments have strongly influenced the performance of organic syntheses by micro flow (see, e.g., [29]). By this, an overlap with the micro-reactor world was made, which probably will increase more and more. 

The technique is referred to by several acronyms including LAMMA (Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis), LIMA (Laser Ionisation Mass Analysis), and LIMS (Laser Ionisation Mass Spectrometry). It provides a sensitive elemental and/or molecular detection capability which can be used for materials such as semiconductor devices, integrated optical components, alloys, ceramic composites as well as biological materials. The unique microanalytical capabilities that the technique provides in comparison with SIMS, AES and EPMA are that it provides a rapid, sensitive, elemental survey microanalysis, that it is able to analyse electrically insulating materials and that it has the potential for providing molecular or chemical bonding information from the analytical volume. 

Mixing device integration -> Homogeneous composition at the SCR catalyst inlet... 

A. Sudbo and P.I. Jensen, Stable bidirectional eigenmode propagation of optical fields in waveguide devices, Integrated Photonics Research, 27-29 (OSA, Monterey, 1995). 

A program called KF controls all of the devices integrated into the system. It is written in Zymark s EasyLab control language, and, once started, does not stop until the operator aborts the run (or unless a fatal system error occurs). 

FIGURE 7.41 Picture of the microfabricated fluidic device integrated with a standard MALDI-TOF sample plate. Because of the self-activating character of the microfluidic device, the system can be introduced into the MALDI ionization chamber without any wire or tube for the sample introduction and the flow control [820]. Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society. 

Raymond, D.E., Manz, A., Widmer, H.M., Continuous sample pretreatment using a free-flow electrophoresis device integrated onto a silicon chip. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 2858-2865. 

Kurita, R., Hayashi, K., Fan, X., Yamamoto, K., Kato, T., Niwa, O., Microfluidic device integrated with pre-reactor and dual enzyme-modified microelectrodes for monitoring in vivo glucose and lactate. Sensors Actuators B 2002, 87, 296-303. 

However, a serious issue for device integration with CNTs is posed by the inability to control whether the tubes or fibers are semiconducting, semimetallic, or metallic. This aspect will also play a role if carbon nanostructures are used as a catalyst support. Except for a selective destruction of metallic tubes (Collins et al., 2001) an interesting method to separate metallic from semiconducting CNTs is the use of AC DEP. This is done by bringing a suspension of the tubes in contact with a microelectrode array. Due to the different dielectric constant of the species with respect to the... 

A different approach to the problem of connecting terminals of individual detectors formed in an HgCdTe layer with corresponding terminals of a read-out device integrated in a semiconductor substrate is to provide connections via holes formed through the thickness of the HgCdTe layer. One particular technique is known as the loophole technique. The characteristic features of this technique are that an HgCdTe substrate is adhered to a... 

Figure 10.13 shows examples of high-resolution patterns formed on small scale cylindrical objects - optical fiber and microcapillary tubes [1]. These simple devices (integrated photomasks for optical fiber Bragg gratings and intravascular stents), require only one patterned layer. 

The first device integrated a microstructured multichannel plate fabricated by micro-injection molding from a two-component liquid silicon rubber material (Silopren LSR 4070) with an appropriately interfaced and temperature-controlled housing, as shown in Figure 3.1a. 

Fabrication of most components in state of the art devices is done using vapor deposition techniques, such as thermal evaporation or CVD. Solution deposition of a polymer layer in the device could be an elaborate, expensive and slow step. CVD of polymers simplifies device integration and enables substantial reduction in the complexity of the manufacturing process. 

The probe nanotechnology will be of demand when it is adopted to mass production of nanomechanic and memory devices, integrated circuits with nanosize elements and sensors. Sensors of that type will find wide application in biology, medicine and other human activities. Our researches reported above put forward examples of starting steps in this direction. 

Torisawa YS, Shiku H, Yasukawa T, Nishizawa M, Matsue T. Multi-channel 3-D cell culture device integrated on a silicon chip for anticancer drug sensitivity test. Biomaterials 2005 26 2165-72. 

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