Drug sensitivity tests

Johnson BE, Salem C, Nesbit J, et al. Limited stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated with concurrent BID chest radiotherapy (RT) and etoposide, cisplatin (VP/PT) followed by chemotherapy (CT) selected by in vitro drug sensitivity testing (abstract 818). ProcAm Soc Clin Oncol 1991 10 240. 

Dendy, P. P. and Hill, B. T. (1983) Human Tumour Drug Sensitivity Testing in Vitro Techniques and Clinical Applications. Academic, London. 

Torisawa YS, Shiku H, Yasukawa T, Nishizawa M, Matsue T. Multi-channel 3-D cell culture device integrated on a silicon chip for anticancer drug sensitivity test. Biomaterials 2005 26 2165-72. 

Drug sensitivity testing for P. vivax and P. ovale remains a problem as continuous culure of these species is difficult due to nutritional and host cell requirements only short term cultures have been used in drug tests [27]. In vitro culture of the exoerythrocytic liver stages of malaria infection have been achieved using hepatocytes and hepatomas to culture P. berghei, P. vivax and P. falciparum [28] but these models have not been used widely in drug evaluation studies. 

Mori T et al. Prediction of cell kill kinetics of anticancer agents using the collagen gel droplet embedded-culture drug sensitivity test. Oncol Reports 2002 9 301-305. 

Torisawa, Y.-S., Kaya, T., Takii, Y, Oyamatsu, D., Nishizawa, M., Matsue, T. Scanning electrochemical microscopy-based drug sensitivity test for a cell culture integrated in silicon microstructures. Anal Chem 2003, 75, 2154-2158. 

Takamura Y, Kobayashi H, Taguchi T, Motomura K, Inaji H, Noguchi S (2002) Prediction of chemotherapeutic response by collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test in human breast cancers. Int J Cancer 98 450-455... 

It also is important to take and record vital signs before the first dose of die antibiotic is given. The primary health care provider may order culture and sensitivity tests, and tiiese should also be performed before die first dose of die drug is given. Odier laboratory tests such as renal and hepatic function tests, complete blood count, and urinalysis may also be ordered by the primary health care provider. 

Before therapy is begun, culture and sensitivity tests (see Chap. 7) are performed to determine which antibiotic will best control the infection. These drug are of no value in the treatment of infections caused by a virus or fungus. There may be times when a secondary bacterial infection has occurred or potentially will occur when the patient has a fungal or viral infection. The primary health care provider may then order one of die... 

When a UTI has been diagnosed, sensitivity tests are performed to determine bacterial sensitivity to the drugp (antibiotics and urinary anti-infectives) that will control the infection. The nurse questions the patient regarding symptoms of the infection before instituting therapy. The nurse records the color and appearance of the urine. The nurse takes and records die vital signs. A urine sample for culture and sensitivity is obtained before the first dose of the drug is given. 

The nurse monitors die patient s response to therapy daily. If after several days die symptoms of the UTI have not improved or if they become worse, the nurse notifies the primary healtii care provider as soon as possible Periodic urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity tests may be ordered to monitor die effects of drug dierapy. 

Skin Irritation and Sensitization Testing of Generic Transdermal Drug Products 06 01 00... 

A good clinical trial is designed to take account of the variability in response (either efficacy or adverse event) that is expected when a new active drug is tested. This response depends on an individual s genetic make-up, and on a number of environmental factors, such as disease state, other drugs and age. The size of the trial and the selection of study subjects are carefully determined to reduce the variability in response to a minimum (i.e. to maximise the sensitivity of the trial) so that the trial endpoints can be determined with as much certainty as possible. 

If presumptive therapy is initiated, perform in vitro sensitivity tests concurrently, so that the drug may be discontinued if less potentially dangerous agents are indicated. Acute infections In acute infections caused by Salmonella typhi, chloramphenicol is a drug of choice. 

It has to be noted that, when drugs are topically applied (ointments), the assays developed for chemical sensitization testing apply. 

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