Integrated optics

Stamm Ch and Lukosz W 1994 Integrated optical difference Interferometer as biochemical sensor Sensors Aotuators B 18-19 183-7... 

The different studies are mainly reported on the OBLIN site (NASA). The main goal is to simplify and integrate all the functions to be achieved in the beam combiner by using integrated optics and optical fibre components. Consequently, the compactness, the stability and the reliability are significantly improved. Figure 15 illustrates the simplification of the experimental setup. 

Other laboratory studies conducted at IRCOM have compared the coupler and integrated optics in the visible (670 nm) in the frame of the ISTROG instrument (Huss et al., 2001 Fig. 18). The high dispersion effect in this spectral... 

Reynaud, R, Lagorceix, H., 1996, Stabilization and control of a fiber array for the coherent transport of beams in a stellar interferometer, Proc. of the Conf. Astrofib 96 Integrated optics for astronomical interferometry, Ed. P. Kern and F. Malbet, 249... 

Rousselet-Perraut, K., Haguenaue, P, Petmezakis, P, Berger, J., Mourard, D., Ragland, S.D., Huss, G., Reynaud, F, FeCoarer, E., Kern, P.Y., Malbet, R, 2002, Qualification of IONIC (integrated optics near-infrared interferometric camera), SPIE 4006, 1042... 

Hornal LA (1992) Polymers in lightwave and integrated optics, technology and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York... 

The technique is referred to by several acronyms including LAMMA (Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis), LIMA (Laser Ionisation Mass Analysis), and LIMS (Laser Ionisation Mass Spectrometry). It provides a sensitive elemental and/or molecular detection capability which can be used for materials such as semiconductor devices, integrated optical components, alloys, ceramic composites as well as biological materials. The unique microanalytical capabilities that the technique provides in comparison with SIMS, AES and EPMA are that it provides a rapid, sensitive, elemental survey microanalysis, that it is able to analyse electrically insulating materials and that it has the potential for providing molecular or chemical bonding information from the analytical volume. 

Shalem S., German A., Barkay N., Moser F., Katzir A., Mechanical and optical properties of silver-halide infrared transmitting fibres, Fiber and integrated optics 1997 16 27-54. 

Kunz R.E., Totally integrated optical measuring sensors, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1587 98-113. 

Biirck J., Mayer J., Zimmermann B., Aache H.-J., Integrated optical sensor for chemical analysis based on near-inlfared evanescent wave absorbance measurements, SPIE, 1995 2508 243-252. 

Surface plasmon resonance sensors can be also constructed using optical fibers13, u, integrated optical waveguides15, and diffraction gratings16. 

Clerc D., Lukosz W., Integrated optical output grating coupler as biochemical sensor, Sensors and Actuators B 1994 19 581-586. 

Dostalek J., Ctyroky J., Homola J., Brynda E., Skalsky M., Nekvindova P., Spirkova J., Skvor J., Schrofel J., Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on integrated optical waveguide, Sensors and Actuators 2001 76 8-12. 

Brandenburg A. and Henninger R., Integrated optical Young interferometer, Appl Optics 1994 33 5941-5947. 

Gauglitz G. and Ingenhoff J., Integrated optical sensors for halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons, Sensors Actuator B 1993 11 207-212. 

Ingenhoff J., Drapp B., Gauglitz G., Biosensors using integrated optical devices, Fresenius J Anal Chem 1993 346 580-583. 

Driving force of the research in Integrated Optics is the optical (tele-) communication, but in its slipstream a lot of research on Integrated Optical (IO-) sensors has been performed during last decade. 

Many integrated optical sensing systems have been designed, realized and tested in the laboratories but only a few of them have reached the market. 

In this paper we approach the integrated optical sensors from the science/technological side. In that way it is avoided to discuss also all kinds of other competing sensing fields, in which the sensors are based on non-optical physical phenomena and are implemented as e.g. electrical, micromechanical or acoustical sensors. 

In this paper we start with a short introduction in Integrated Optics (section 2), continue with an introduction into 10 sensors (section 3), while main attention will be paid to treating (the design of) many types of refractive 10 sensors (section 4). Finally in section 5 an epilogue is presented. 

The simplest Integrated Optical structure is the slabguide consisting of three layers of which the middle one has to have the largest refractive index (see Figure 2). 

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