Laser microprobe mass analysis

Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry Laser Ionization Mass Analysis Nonresonant Multi-Photon Ionization... 

LAMMA Laser microprobe mass analysis (see LRRS Low-resolution Raman spectroscopy... 

The technique is referred to by several acronyms including LAMMA (Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis), LIMA (Laser Ionisation Mass Analysis), and LIMS (Laser Ionisation Mass Spectrometry). It provides a sensitive elemental and/or molecular detection capability which can be used for materials such as semiconductor devices, integrated optical components, alloys, ceramic composites as well as biological materials. The unique microanalytical capabilities that the technique provides in comparison with SIMS, AES and EPMA are that it provides a rapid, sensitive, elemental survey microanalysis, that it is able to analyse electrically insulating materials and that it has the potential for providing molecular or chemical bonding information from the analytical volume. 

The primary methods of analyzing for lead in environmental samples are AAS, GFAAS, ASV, ICP/AES, and XRFS (Lima et al. 1995). Less commonly employed techniques include ICP/MS, gas chromato-graphy/photoionization detector (GC/PID), IDMS, DPASV, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA), and laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). The use of ICP/MS will become more routine in the future because of the sensitivity and specificity of the technique. ICP/MS is generally 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than ICP/AES (Al-Rashdan et al. 1991). Chromatography (GC,... 

The origin of lead present in individual calcite particles could be ascribed by the LAMMA (laser microprobe mass analysis) technique. At low laser irradiances, the desorption mode, information is gathered on metallic species adsorbed on the surface of the particle. At high irradiances the particle is evaporated, revealing the components that coprecipitated with calcite111. 

Bruynseels, F., H. Storms, T. Tavares, and R. Van Grieken, Characterization of Individual Particle Types in Coastal Air by Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem, 23, 1-14 (1985). 

Dierck, I D. Michaud, L. Wouters, and R. Van Grieken, Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis of Individual North Sea Aerosol Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 802-808 (1992). 

Wieser, P and R. Wurster, Application of Laser-Microprobe Mass Analysis to Particle Collections, in Physical and Chemical Characterization of Individual Airborne Particles (K. R. Spurny, Ed.), Chap. 14, pp. 251-270, Ellis Horwood, 1986. 

Laser microprobe mass analysis was used for the structural characterization of Af-oxide metabolites of metrenperone (sinomedol 5, R = Me), seganserine 6, and ramastine 9 (88M16). An assay of rimazolium 1 was developed by using an ion-selective electrode by direct titration with... 

Asbestos can be determined by several analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), light scattering, laser microprobe mass analysis, and thermal analysis. It can also be characterized by chemical analysis of metals by atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescence, or neutron activation techniques. Electron microscopy methods are, however, commonly applied for the analysis of asbestos in environmental matrices. 

Eeckhaoudt S, Vandeputte D, Van Praag H, et al. 1992. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) of aluminum and lead in fine roots and their ectomycorrhizal mantles of Norway spruce (picea abies (1.) karst.). Tree Physiol 10 209-215. 

Reusche E, Seydel U. 1993. Dialysis-associated encephalopathy Light and electron microscopic morphology and topography with evidence of aluminum by laser microprobe mass analysis. Acta Neuropathol 86 249-258. 

A major area of concern is the possibility that asbestos fibers adsorb carcinogens in smoke, such as benzidine, N,N-dimethylanaline, and benzo(a)pyrene, and carry them to cells. Investigations are being carried out to detect such chemical impurities on asbestos fiber surfaces by a technique known as laser microprobe mass analysis (Warner 1988). 

Dierck I., Michaud D., Wouters L., and Vangrieken R. (1992) Laser microprobe mass analysis of individual North Sea aerosol particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 802-808. 

For example, microprobe analysis of complex samples (laser microprobe mass analysis LAMMA) was performed by using a setup with no expansion chamber and by focusing the laser beam on a small area on the surface of the sample. Although coal and shale samples were successfully analyzed using LAMMA [52], the nature of the bonding in these types of materials cannot be evaluated because it is not clear if a certain compound is the result of desorption or of pyrolysis. More successfully analyzed were the inorganic components of such composite materials where the thermal decomposition was not a concern. 

Other techniques utilize lasers for sample evaporation/pyrolysis and excitation such as laser induced desorption (LID) or laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) (see e g. [1]). Some of the sample introduction procedures in Py-MS enhance the information obtained from Py-MS by the use of time-resolved, temperature-resolved, or modulated molecular beams techniques [10]. In time-resolved procedures, the signal of the MS is recorded in time, and the continuous formation of fragments can be recorded. Temperature-resolved Py-MS allows a separation and ionization of the sample from a platinum/rhodium filament inside the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer based on a gradual temperature increase [11]. The technique can be used either for polymer or for additives analysis. Attempts to improve selectivity in Py-MS also were done by using a membrane interface between the pyrolyzer and MS [12]. 

These techniques fall into two categories those considered as routine (e.g. atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence) and a growing number of microanalytical surface techniques (e.g. laser microprobe mass analysis [LAMMA] and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe [SHRIMP]). Each analytical technique requires specific sample preparation prior to analysis, as summarised in Table 13.1. 

XRD, X-ray diffraction XRF, X-ray fluorescence AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy IC, ion chromatography EPMA, electron probe microanalysis SEM, scanning electron microscope ESEM, environmental scanning electron microscope HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy LAMMA, laser microprobe mass analysis XPS, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy RLMP, Raman laser microprobe analysis SHRIMP, sensitive high resolution ion microprobe. PIXE, proton-induced X-ray emission FTIR, Fourier transform infrared. 

Solomon B, Koppel R, Jossiphov J Immunostaining of calmodulin and aluminium in Alzheimer s disese-affected brains. Brain Res Bull 55 253-256, 2001 Stem AJ, Perl DP, Munoz-Garcia D, et al Investigation of silicon and aluminum content in isolated senile plaque cores by laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) (abstract). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 45 361,1986 Trapp GA, Miner GD, Zimmerman RL, et al Aluminum levels in brain in Alzheimer s disease. Biol Psychiatry 13 709-718, 1978... 

Stern, A., Perl, D., Munoz-Garcia, D., Good, R., Abraham, C. and Selkoe, D. (1986) Investigation of a silicon and aluminium content in isolated senile plaque cores by laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 45 361. 

Schmidt. P.F. (1984). Localization of trace elements with the laser microprobe mass analyzer (LAMMA), Trace Elements in Medicine, 1,13-20 Sherwood. R.A., Rocks, B.F., and Riley, C. (1984). The use of flow-injection analysis (FIA) with atomic absorption detection for the determination of clinically relevant elements. Paper presented at 2nd BNAAS Symposium, Leeds, July 1984 Triebig, G., and Schaller, K.H. (1984). Copper, in Alessio, L, Berlin, A., Boni, M., Roi, R., Biological indicators for the assessment of human exposure to industrial chemicals, p. 57-62, EUR 8903 EN, Commission of the European Communities Van der Vyner, F.L, Verbreuken, A.H., Van Grieken, R.E., and DeBroe, M.E. (1985) Laser microprobe mass analysis A tool for evaluating histochemical staining of trace elements, Clin. Chem., 31. 351... 

X-ray diffraction, light scattering, light mod-nlation, IR spectroscopy, and j6-ray absorption are some of the techniques for asbestos analysis. Indnstrially processed asbestos fibers may be characterized by laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). Organic components adsorbed on the asbestos snrface at... 

DeWaele, J., and F. Adams. 1985. Study of asbestos by laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). NATO ASI Ser. B119 273-75 cited in Chem. Abstr. CA 705(18) 153028k. 

M. Neuberger. 1986. Laser microprobe mass analysis for the identification of asbestos fibers in lung tissue and broncho-alveolar washing fluid. Microchim. Acta 5(3-4) 197-213. 

LAMMA, or LAMMS, or LMMS (laser microprobe mass analysis or spectroscopy), is based on laser ablation. A high frequency laser beam scans the area of the sample in a minimum step size, time-of-flight mass spectra of each scan are evaluated with respect to several ion signals and transformed into two-dimensional distribution plots. 

KRIPES, k-Resolved Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy, 20 LAMMA Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis or Spectroscopy, 17 LAMMS, viz LAMMA, 17 LEED Low-Energy Electron Diffraction ... 

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