Cosmetic textiles

Surface-Active Agents. Polyol (eg, glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, and propylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide) esters of long-chain fatty acids are nonionic surfactants (qv) used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, cleaning compounds, and many other appHcations (103,104). Those that are most widely used are included in Table 3. 

The viscosity of natural gums, such as cellulose gums, mannogalactans, seaweed, pectin, locust bean gum, guar gum, and tragacanth has important industrial applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, adhesives, and paint fields. The characteristics of viscosity are related to specific uses and to the economics of the process. 

There is also a category of petroleum products known as white oil that generally falls into two classes (1) technical white oil, which is employed for cosmetics, textile lubrication, insecticide vehicles, and paper impregnation, and (2) pharmaceutical white oil, which may is employed medicinally (e.g., as a laxative) or for the lubrication of food-handling machinery. 

Production processes used in the pharmaceutical/fine chemical, cosmetic, textile, rubber, and other industries result in wastewaters containing significant levels of aliphatic solvents. It has been reported that of the 1000 tons per year of EC-defined toxic wastes generated in Ireland, organic solvents contribute 66% of the waste [27]. A survey of the constituents of pharmaceutical wastewater in Ireland has reported that aliphatic solvents contribute a significant proportion of the BOD/COD content of pharmaceutical effluents. Organic solvents are flammable, malodorous, and potentially toxic to aquatic organisms and thus require complete elimination by wastewater treatment systems. 

Nevertheless, despite the gloomy forecasts, Horrocks has shown that during the interwar period many women chemists did find employment in industry, particularly the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textiles, and photographic industries.37 We will conclude this section with one case study, the life of Kathleen Culhane. For so many of the forgotten women chemists, scanty information remains on their life and work but for Culhane, we have a rich narrative that epitomises the struggle of women seeking an industrial chemistry career during the interwar period. 

This book on polymeric microemulsions is an attempt at a rapprochement of the methods and structures encountered in the two disciplines. The purpose of this book is to investigate polymer-polymer or polymer-surfactant interactions in solution leading to association structures with properties such as solubilization and anisotropy. These properties are useful in a wide variety of industries such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, textiles, detergents, and paints. 

Azo Compounds Azo dyes are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, and leather industry. They are synthetic compounds characterized by one (monoazo) or several intramolecular N = N bonds. Azo dyes, if they are systemically absorbed, can be metabolized by the way of azoreductases of intestinal microflora by liver cells and skin surface bacteria. This metabolism leads to aromatic amines that can be hazardous. In the 1930s, some azo derivatives like 4-dimethyl aminoazoben-zene (Butter Yellow, Cl Solvent Yellow 2, Cl 11020) and o-aminoazotoluene were experimentally found to be directly carcinogenic to liver and bladder after feeding. Other complex azo dyes like Direct Black 38 or Direct Blue 6 (Figure 28) release the aromatic amine benzidine. Some examples of azo dyes metabolized in benzidine and benzidine-congeners are listed in Table 3. 

Shrimp shell waste can be economically converted to chitin, a mucopolysaccharide (Santhosh and Mathew, 2008). This marine polysaccharide and its derivatives hold a major part in our lives as medicines, cosmetics, textiles, paper, food, and other branches of industry because of their unique nature in properties such as low toxicity, biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, etc. Hydrolysis of chitin yields a value added product, glucosamine. Carboxymethylchitin is another derivative of chitin, prepared by the carboxymethylation reaction. 

Use Cosmetics, textiles, cutting oils, coolant systems, vinyl films, and rubber products. 

Use Colorant for machinery and toy enamels, white baking enamels, printing inks, rubber products, soaps and laundry blues, cosmetics, textile printing. 

Akyporox. [Chem-Y GmbH] Ethoxy-lates solubilizer, emulsifier, wetting agent for cosmetics, textiles. 

AlkapoL [Rhone-Poulenc Surf.] PEG interme ate for surfactants binder/lu-bricant in pharmaceuticals plasticizer paper softener humectant solvent antistat for cosmetics, textile, plastics processing, dyes and inks. 

Armul. [Witco/Organics] Emulsifiers for industrial and agric. applies., S/B latexes degreaser, dye penetrant for leathers detergent, solubilizer for drycleaning mixtures lime so dispersants cosmetics, textiles. 

Aromox . [Akzo Akzo Chem. BV] Amine oxi wetting agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, antistai foamirig agent fix detergents, shartqxxrs, cosmetics, textiles, metal plating, petroL additives, paper, plastics, tubbo. ... 

Atlas G. [ICI Am. ICI Surf. Belgium] Surfactants, emulsifiers, thickeners for foods, cosmetics, textile, agric. use. 

Calsoft. [Pilot] Alkylaryl sulfonic acid and salts surfactant, detergent, emulsion stabilizer, wetting and foaming agent for household and industrial detergents, agric. formulations, emulsion polymerization, cosmetics, textile scouring. 

Chel . [Ciba-Geigy/Dyestuffs] Chelating agent used in bar soaps, photographic developer baths, cosmetics, textiles, and min. separations. 

Dantoin . [Lonza] Hydantoin con )ds. intermediate to cusU>m chemical synthesis, cosmetics, textiles, laundry bleach formulations, and automatic dishwashing compds. film former. 

Daprrd , [Akzo AlaoChem.BV] Polymers detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier, thickener for making of catting and sol. dls, to household, cosmetic, textile, and industrial uses. 

Elfan . [Akzo Akzo Chem. BV] Sulfates, sulfoiates, esters, or betaines de-togent, wetdng agent for cosmetics, textiles, industrial uses emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, agric. formulations. 

Emuhnin. [Sanyo Chem.Indusnies] Ethoxylated ethm emulsifiers, dispersants, wetting agents, detergents, iMdt-ener for cosmetics, textile printing... 

Emultex. [Auschem SpA] Esters or eth s plasticizer, defoamer, softener, lubricant, emulsifter for cosmetics, textiles, agric. 

ES-1239. [CasChem] Dimethylamino-propyl ridnoleami boizyl chlmide emulsifler with antistatic, softening, bactericidal, wetting, Aspersing properties for cosmetic, textile, agric. industries. 

Eureka. [Atlas Refinery] Sulfated oils emulsifier, detergent, grinding aid, carrier, plasticizer, iubikant, softener for cosmetics, textiles, coatings, pigment dispersions, fatliquors. 

Finazoline. [Finetex] Imidazolines emulsifiers, wetting agents, softeners, intermediates, corrosion inliibitors for metalworking and fuel oil additives, ore flotatiai, cosmetics, textiles. 

Genapol . [Hoechst Celanese/Colorants Surf. Hoed)StAG] Detergent foant-ing agent lubricant dispersant pearl-escent f[Pg.156]

Lauropal. [WilcoSA] Ethoxylated fatty alcohcd wetting agent, emulsifier, detergent for cosmetics, textiles, metal... 

Mazon . [FPG/ iedalty Chem.] Emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor for agric., metalwakmg, lubricant, emulsion polymerization, industrial cleaners, cosmetics, textiles. 

Nissan Stafoam. [Nippon Oils ft Fats] Fatty acid alkanolamide thickener detergent foam stabilizer for cosmetics, textiles, detergents. 

Rhodasurf . [Rhone-Poulenc Surf. Rhone-Poulenc France] Ethoxylated alcohds deteigent foamer, solubilizer, subilizer, emollient wetting agent, penetrant for detergent formulations, cosmetics, textiles, metal cleaning, emukion polymerization. 

Sorbax. [Qiemax] Sorbitan esters or ethoxylates emulsifier, sohibilizer for perfumes, flavrxs, cosmetics, textile and metal lubricant industries. 

AI3-00971 Diethylene glycol monooleate EINECS 203-364-0 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)ethyl ester 9-Octadecenoic acid, 2-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)ethyl ester PEG-2 Oleate Polyethylene glycol 100 monooleate Polyoxyethylene (2) monooleate. Emulsifier, dispersant, antistat for cosmetic, textile, paper processing, cutting oils, polishes, emulsion cleaners, rubber latex, wool lubrioants leather softener. Henkel/Emery. 

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