Composite wastes

Keywords Refused Derived Fuels (RDF), Dry Stabilization Process (DSP), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Waste composition, Waste amount, Heating value, Emission Factor (EF)... 

Before Southdown accepts any waste materials for recycling as fuel, a chemical analysis must be performed to identify their chemical composition. Wastes that cannot be blended to meet standards for content, heat value, and compatibility with cement production are not accepted. For instance, cement cannot be made with fuels that have a high chlorine content. 

In addition, the plant discharges 35,300 GPD service wastewater. If the total BOD load of the composite waste is 47,500 lb / day, estimate (i) the BOD5 of the composite waste and domestic waste and (ri) the BOD load of the each stream and their contribution to the total BOD load of the plant. 

Determine the BOD5 of the wastes. The first step is to find out the total flow of the composite waste by summing the flow of the various waste streams of the plant. 

Estimate the BOD5 and subsequent BOD load of the composite waste. If the acid waste stream has to be segregated for the recovery of acids then (i) hnd out the BOD5 of the combined waste excluding acid waste and (ii) comment on the effect of segregation in BOD loading of the plant. 

Segregation of the acid waste stream has resulted in significant reduction in total BOD load of the plant, but the BOD5 of the composite waste remains almost the same. Hence the acid waste stream can be segregated from the main stream without affecting the treatability of the waste. 

Vance, E. R., Carter, M. L., Day, R. A., Begg, B. D., Hart, K. P. Jostsons, A. 1996b. Synroc and Synroc-glass composite waste forms for Hanford HLW immobilization. In Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management SPECTRUM 96. American Nuclear Society, Inc. La Grange Park, 2027-2031. 

Hassett, D. J. Hassett, D. F. 1988. Fixation of leachable elements in composite waste forms from North Dakota lignite coal conversion ash. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 113, 333-340. 

Municipal waste products have been considered for surface-mine reclamation. Waste applications could improve soil texture, add essential plant nutrients, and provide mulch for seed and seedlings. Shredded or composited waste could be applied to the surface, and mechanical methods could be used to incorporate it into the spoil, Sewage sludge can be applied in watei slimy or in dried form. Mixtures of shredded or composted waste and sewage sludge offer another possibility, Thus far, use of these materials has been restricted to relatively small demonstration areas for public health reasons. 

The CSSX process flowsheet for the decontamination of high-level waste was demonstrated in a 33-stage, 2-cm contactor apparatus at the Savannah River National Laboratory (formerly the Savannah River Technology Center).107 Simulated SRS average waste, simulated Tank 37H/44F composite waste, and actual Tank 37H/44F composite high-level waste were processed in three tests lasting 6,12, and 48 hours, respectively. 

Leachate composition varies significantly among landfills, depending on waste composition, waste age, and landfill technology. The waste can be divided into three main groups household waste, demolition waste, and chemical and hazardous waste. 

Kjeldsen P., Grundtvig A., Winther P., and Andersen J. S. (1998a) Characterization of an old municipal landhll (Grindsted, Denmark) as a groundwater pollution source landhll history and leachate composition. Waste Manage. Res. 16, 3-13. 

Before chemical and mineralogical analyses, the refuse was separated into seven fractions, based on the gross external appearanees of the various pieces. Examination of these fractions along with the composite waste permitted us to derive some very useful information about the relationships among some of the trace elements and the various mineral phases. Most of the leachable trace... 

In 1990, the JRPS organized a tertiary committee, the RP Recycling and Treatment Council (RTC) for the solution of technological and social problems regarding recycling thermoset composites waste. 

The factors that must be taken into account in the selection of the equipment and, consequently, for efficient waste separation, are waste characteristics (particle size, waste stream composition, waste components density, moisture content, tendency for aggregation, etc.), products specifications, design parameters, and space requirements. The various types of air separators (air concentrators, Stoners) are the most widely used equipment. Heavy media separators are also used in some cases. 

High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) was observed to be a potential treatment for food processing wastewater. HGMS treatment of composite waste... 

Uchikawa, H., and Obana, H. (1995) Ebocement— frontier of recycling of trrban composite wastes. World Cement 26,33 0. 

Chapter 2 of the book describes in detail the use of recycled polymers in blends, composites and nanocomposites. Different types of recycled polymers and their respective composites/nanocomposites are summarised in this chapter, with more emphasis on their thermal and morphological properties. Figure 1.6 summarises some of the recycling technologies for composite waste [6]. 

Figure 1.6 Recycling technologies for composite waste. Reproduced with permission from C. Morin, A. Loppinet-Serani, F. Cansell and C. Aymonier, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2012, 66, 232. 2012, Elsevier [6]...

Bouvier, J.M. et aL (1987) Managing fibreglass reinforced polyester composite wastes. Resources and Conservation, 5, 299-308 — an early review of the topic. 

IFR [Integral Fast Reactor] A pyrochemical process for processing the fuel from a fast nuclear reactor. The uranium metal fuel is dissolved in a fused melt of lithium and potassium chlorides and electrolyzed. The uranium deposits on the solid cathode. The transuranic elements and fission products remain in the salt and are incorporated in a zeolite matrix, which is hot-pressed into a ceramic composite waste. Developed by the Argonne National Laboratory from 1963. See also PYRO-A and PYRO-B. 

Marzouk, O. Y., Dheilly, R. M., and Queneudec, M. Valorization of post-consumer waste plastic in cementitious concrete composites. Waste Management, 27, 310-318 (2007). 

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