Composition, biomass municipal solid waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW), 25 864 as biomass, 3 684 cadmium in, 4 489-490 characteristics of leachates in, 25 867t characterizing, 25 866-869 collection of, 25 869-870 composition analysis for, 27 365t ferrous scrap in, 27 411 incineration of, 25 872-873 mixed, 27 367-369 preparation of, 27 367-369 processing, 27 364-371 quantity and composition of, 27 362-364 recovery rates for, 27 364, 366-367t recycled, 27 360, 362-371 toxic chemicals in, 25 875-876 Municipal waste sludge, as biomass, 3 684 Municipal water, for aquaculture, 3 198 Municipal water softening methods,... 

Ash Characteristics. The elemental ash composition of biomass waste and municipal solid waste differs dramatically from that of coal (qv). ... 

In addition to the variations in the LHC composition that occur from species to species, each species has its extractives, which include resins and waxes. These constituents are capable of interfering with cellulose hydrolysis because of their hydrophobic nature. Tannins and other highly reactive materials are constituents of some woody species. When LHC is obtained from nonwoody (herbaceous) species, the range of interfering constituents increases greatly. Sugars, starches, dextran, carotenoids, and many isoprenoids are to be found. Operators of a cellulose hydrolysis process that uses municipal solid waste as its biomass resource may experience seasonal variations in composition and chance inclusion of crankcase oil and other products that inhibit enzymes or kill yeast. 

Lai, WC, I. Rodriguez, and B. Krieger-Brockett (1993) Composition Effects on the Devolatilization Behavior of Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste, Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackte Academic Publishers, London, pp. 818-832. 

Gas made by pyrolysis of biomass, or of municipal solid waste, resembles coal syntehsis gas in composition, and can be produced in the same heating values. Gas made by anaerobic fermentation of biomass is predominantly methane and carhon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide is removed, it is a replacement for natural gas. 

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