Demolition waste

Demolition and construction wastes. Wastes from razed building and other structures are classified as demolition wastes. Wastes from the construction, remodeling, and repair of commercial and industrial buildings and other similar structures are classified as construction wastes. These wastes may include dirt, stones, concrete, bricks, plaster, lumber, shingles, and plumbing, heating, and electrical parts. 

Tractor-trailer systems. The apphcation of trac tor trailers is similar to that for tilt-frame-container systems. The use of a separate trac tor increases the number of axles and the net weight of waste that can be hauled. Tractor trailers are better for the collection of especially heavy rubbish, such as sand, timber, and metal scrap, and they are often are used for the collection of demolition wastes at construction sites. 

Wastes not otherwise specified in the catalogue Construction and demolition waste (including road construction)... 

Landfills that received sewage sludge, garbage, street refuse, construction and demolition wastes... 

Urban waste includes household, sewage, commercial, institutional, manufacturing, and demolition waste. The availability of this waste is directly related to the population living in urban areas of adequate size to support a given size system. 

Leachate composition varies significantly among landfills, depending on waste composition, waste age, and landfill technology. The waste can be divided into three main groups household waste, demolition waste, and chemical and hazardous waste. 

This wood gasification plant is located at the relatively new coal fired heat unit of EPZ, Amer 9 at Geertruidenberg in The Netherlands, The aim of the project is to achieve savings of 70,000 tons of coal (33,700 TOE) based on 150,000 tons of wood waste (construction demolition waste) corresponding to 170,000 CO2 t/y reduction in emissions. The equivalent electricity capacity is 29 MWe. The gasification plant has been supplied by LURGI. 

Hammer-milling operation was preferable for processing demolition waste wood chip to wood furnish for board making. 

Solid waste Nonliquid, nonsoluble materials, ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes, that contain complex, and sometimes hazardous, substances. Solid wastes include sewage, sludge, agricultural refuse, demolition wastes, mining residues, and even liquids and gases in containers. 

Similar targets are now being set in Europe, e.g. In the Netherlands it is expected that by the year 2000 90% of building and demolition waste will be recycled (Laurijssens, 1993). 

Woodside A.R., W.D.H. Woodward, and J. McElhinney. 2011. The potential use of construction and demolition waste in road construction in Ireland. Proceeding, 5th International Conference Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements , Vol. 1, p. 13. Thessaloniki, Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. 

Stroup-Gardiner M. and T. Wattenberg-Komas. 2013. Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications Volume 6 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Recycled Concrete Aggregate, and Construction Demolition Waste. NCHRP Synthesis 435. Washington, DC TRB, National Academy of Science. 

Construction and demolition waste in the USA reaches approximately 143 million tonnes and according to the Waste Business Journal , only 25% of that waste is recycled. In fact, 40% of all waste in landfill is construction and demolition waste. The plastics waste generated by construction and demolition projects includes vinyl sidings, doors, windows, floor tiles and pipes [11]. 

The latter could be implemented by requiring delay times after application for a building demolition permit. Economic instruments for this phase would include increasing the cost of disposal of demolition waste and providing incentives, perhaps in the form of subsidies, for entities that set up deconstruction, recycling, and/or materials reuse businesses. Information instruments could include Eco-Labelling schemes that have as one of their criteria the ability to disassemble products into recyclable materials. 

For Landfill Class I (disposal of mineral or mineralised wastes with low contamination) and for conventional landfills for demolition waste, excavated soil etc. only a compacted clay liner is required. The system components for class I and II cappings, being the most common types nowadays installed in Germany, are listed in Table 9.1. Guidelines with strict requirements for materials selection and testing, construction technique and quality control were published for the standard systems (Muller 1996 Muller 2001 N.N. 1993). 

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