Lignite North Dakota

Noonan Lignite North Dakota Northern Tertiary Paleocene 6X 10 Yr... 

North America.. In the United States, lignite deposits are located in the northern Great Plains and in the Gulf states. Subbituminous coal is found along the Rocky Mountains. The western half of North Dakota has about 74% of the nation s resources, Montana 23%, Texas 2%, and Alabama and South Dakota about 0.5% each. The lignite resources to 914 m represent 28% of the total toimage of all coal deposits in the United States. The lower cost and low sulfur content have contributed to rapid growth in production. 

The lignite deposits of North Dakota and Montana extend into Canada as far as Saskatchewan. Canadian deposits are also located in Alberta, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and Manitoba. Production by open-cast mining, ca3.5 x 10 t in 1975, was 10.8 x 10 t in 1989. 

A smooth coal pile surface, coupled with the gradual slope, minimi2es the differential wind pressures and consequent oxygen penetration. A 4-6 X 10 t lignite stockpile from the excavation for the Garrison Dam in North Dakota has been stable for many years as a result of this storage method. 

Some North Dakota lignite ashes have also been observed to have above-average concentrations of uranium (21,22), lea ding to interest in processing the ash for uranium recovery. However, this ash may be classified as hazardous. 

Combinations of lignite flyash from North Dakota and hydrated lime can increase the strength and durabiHty of soils. The lime content varies from 2—7% and 1ime flyash ratio from 1 1 to 1 7 (61). Lignite flyash can also be used as a partial replacement for Portland cement to produce strong, durable concrete (62). 

Symposia on the Technology md Use of Lignite have been held in conjunction with the University of North Dakota Energy md Environmental Research Center md the preceding organizations. 

In North Dakota in 1968 from flyash from a lignite burning plant... 

Unlike the SACS project and the In Salah project, the Weyburn project has combined the storage of C02 with EOR operations in the Weyburn oil field in Canada since 2000. The C02 for storage originates from a gasification plant in North Dakota (USA), where synthetic natural gas is produced from a lignite resource. The... 

The coals used were PSOC 1098 Illinois 6 and Beulah-Zap North Dakota lignite from the Argonne coal bank. The analytical data of these coals are shown in Table I. The ratio of catalyst to coal was approximately 0.6 mmoles of metal per gram of coal. The organometallic catalysts were molybdenum(II) acetate dimer, Mo2(OAc)4, obtained from Strem, molybdenum(II) allyl dimer Mo2(OAc)4, was prepared by die method of Cotton and Pipal (25). The NiMo supported catalyst was prepared by addition of bis(l,5-cyclooctadiene) Ni(0) (Strem) to sulfided Mo on alumina (. Cp2Mo2( l-SH)2(p.-S)2, referred to as MoS2(OM), was prepared by modification of method of Dubois et al. (26), and Cp2Mo2Co2( i3-S)2(li4-S)(CO)4, CoMo(OM) was prepared by the method of Curtis et al. (27). Pentacarbonyl iron was obtained from Aldrich,... 

North Dakota lignite from Argonne coal bank. 

There are two sources of lignite mined in the USA, the Gulf Coast Region in Texas and the Fort Union basin in North Dakota. Combustion of Gulf Coast lignite forms a low- to... 

Hassett, D. J. Hassett, D. F. 1988. Fixation of leachable elements in composite waste forms from North Dakota lignite coal conversion ash. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 113, 333-340. 

Miller, R. N. Given, P. H. 1986. The association of major, minor, and trace inorganic elements with lignites. I. Experimental approach and study of a North Dakota lignite. Geochimica et Cosmo-chimica Acta, 50, 2033-2043. 

Leaching of trace metals from CCB materials is of potential concern for contamination of natural water supplies. For example, Groenewold etal. (1985) found elevated levels of As, Cr, Mo, Pb, and Se in groundwater below a lignite fly ash landfill in North Dakota, and Shende et al. (1994) found stockpiled coal bottom ash contributed leachable metals to adjoining rivers. However, it also has been observed that weathered CCBs have the ability to retain many metals (Janssen-Jurkovicova et al. 1994 Steenari et al. 1999). 

The plant processes 26,840 TPSD of low sulfur North Dakota lignite. The sulfur is 1.3 wt%/DAF coal. The coal analysis is shown in Table II. Output from the plant is 268,700 MM Btu/day of SNG, equivalent to 45,000 BOE/day. Total production of by-product elemental sulfur is 161 tons/day. This represents 78 wt% of total sulfur input from the coal feedstock. Since goal gasification and indirect liquefaction facilities are most likely to use Western low sulfur lignite or subbituminous coals, this represents the low sulfur case for coal conversion. 

NALCO Leonardite North Dakota Leonardite New Mexico lignite... 

During the Tertiary period which dates back approximately 65 million years. Deposits include the sub-bituminous coal and lignite beds in the Great Plains Province, which includes northeastern Wyoming, eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and northwestern North Dakota. 

USA North Dakota Beulah-Zap Seam USA North Dakota Mercer county Beulah-Zap lignite... 

USA North Dakota—Montana Fort Union 280 lignite samples... 

USA North Dakota Beulah Lignite Gasification ash 31 McCarthy, Hassett and Manz (1986)... 

North Dakota Lignite New Mexico Sub Bituminous Char from Lignite... 

Table 2 contains a summary of some of the experimental results. Except as otherwise noted, most of the runs were made using ground North Dakota lignite with no addition of catalyst. 

HYDROGENATION OF COAL IN AN ENTRAINED TUBULAR REACTOR Coal - North Dakota Lignite... 

Figure 3. Gas phase coal hydrogenation yield vs. coal residence time. North Dakota lignite—reactor, 0.75" i.d. X 8 ft pressure, 1000-1500 psi temperature, 700°C particle size, < 150 fi.

In the run made with a New Mexico sub-bituminous coal, an appreciable quantity of gaseous hydrocarbons was produced. The main difference between the New Mexico coal and the North Dakota lignite is that the sub-bituminous coal has a lower oxygen content and a higher ash content. 

When solvent refined lignite (SRL) produced from North Dakota lignite was treated with liquid sulfur dioxide, the bulk of the coal liquid dissolved except for the saturated hydrocarbons and the mineral rich residue. The S02-solublc part did not contain any saturated hydrocarbons. The THF extract of the insolubles was mostly alkanes ranging from n-dodecane (C 2H26 to n tetra tetrancontane (C44Hgg). 

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