Commercial Laundry Detergents

Acusol 820 stabilizer is useful in preparing liquid detergent systems on surfactant/builder mixtures. In these formulations it can function in either of two ways  

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Immerse a piece of test fabric in a hot solution(0.5 gof detergent, 200 mLof water) of a commercial laundry detergent that you suspect may contain an optical brightener (e.g.. Tide and Cheer) for 15 min. Rinse the fabric thoroughly, dry, and compare with an untreated fabric sample under an ultraviolet lamp. 

The largest use of calcium hypochlorite is for water treatment. It is also used for I I and household disinfectants, cleaners, and mildewcides. Most of the household uses have been limited to in-tank toilet bowl cleaners. In areas where chlorine cannot be shipped or is otherwise unavailable, calcium hypochlorite is used to bleach textiles in commercial laundries and textile mills. It is usually first converted to sodium hypochlorite by mixing it with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and removing the precipitated calcium carbonate. Or, it can be dissolved in the presence of sufficient sodium tripolyphosphate to prevent the precipitation of calcium salts. However, calcium hypochlorite is not usually used to bleach laundry and textiles because of problems with insoluble inorganic calcium salts and precipitation of soaps and anionic detergents as their calcium salts. 

The use of chlorinated trisodium phosphate is declining. It has been largely replaced by chlorinated isocyanurates in powdered abrasive cleansers and automatic dishwash detergents to reduce cost, improve performance, or comply with restrictions on the use of phosphates. Some chlorinated trisodium phosphate is stiU used in commercial laundries and in disinfectant cleaners. 

Although IOS have not yet appeared in commercial formulations, several patents have claimed their use in LDLs and in other cleaning formulations. As an example, Kok et al. [8] have described the use of IOS containing 75% (3-hydroxysulfonate in a dishwashing detergent. Their patent also claims the use of IOS in granular and in liquid laundry detergents as well as in all-purpose cleaners. 

The concept of a soap-LSDA detergent represents a simple solution to the quest for less polluting highly efficient laundry detergents [47,48]. If present worldwide price trends for petrochemicals, phosphates, and other builders continue to rise, the use of tallow or other fats and oils, which are replenishable agricultural products or byproducts, should become economically more attractive. Since the USD A research team initiated research on soap-LSDA detergents, the a-sulfonated fatty acid esters (MES) have become commercially available in the United States, Europe, and Japan. 

From the anionic surfactants (Table 1.1) the most relevant is LAS with an annual global production volume of more than 3 X 1061 in 2001. LAS has a wide application because of its excellent detersive properties and cost-performance ratio. Commercial LAS is applied mainly in the formulation of powder and liquid laundry detergents. The calcium salts are used as an emulsifier in pesticide formulations their amine salts are used in dry cleaning and as degreasing agents in the metal industry [14]. 

Synthetic zeolites and other molecular sieves are important products to a number of companies in the catalysis and adsorption areas and numerous applications, both emerging and well-established, are encouraging the industrial synthesis of the materials. There are currently no more than a few dozen crystalline microporous structures that are widely manufactured for commercial use, in comparison to the hundreds of structures that have been made in the laboratory. See Chapter 2 for details on zeolite structures. The highest volume zeolites manufactured are two of the earliest-discovered materials zeolite A (used extensively as ion exchangers in powdered laundry detergents) and zeolite Y (used in catalytic cracking of gas oil). 

In order to prove enzyme engineering feasibility, it was important to develop a model system. One of the prime considerations for any model would be the commercial potential of the model. Table I lists the major commercial enzymes and the market size in US dollars (5). The alkaline proteases (subtilisins) are clearly the major single class of enzymes in commercial use today, representing 25% of the total enzyme market of 600 million. The primary use of subtilisins is as additives in laundry detergents to aid in the removal of proteinaceous stains from cloth. 

Unsaturated polyester resins account for the majority of the commercial use of propylene glycol (40%). Other uses include liquid and laundry detergent (15%), cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (12%), antifreeze and deicers (10%), pet food (6%), functional fluids (6%), paint and coatings (4%), and tobacco humectants (3%). 

Nonionic surfactants are also used in substantial amounts in laundry detergents and in automatic dishwashing detergents, both applications reflecting in particular their generally lower sudsing characteristics than the anionics. Commercially important examples uf the nonionics include the alkyl ethoxylates, the ethoxylated alkyl phenols, the fatly acid ethanol amides, and complex polymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and alcohols. 

Commercial laundry and commercial dishwashing, in which speciality machines may require speciality detergents. Even dry-cleaning may require detergent stain removers. 

Technical or Commercial. These chemicals are primarily intended for use in manufacturing processes (e.g., making laundry detergents). In a few instances it may prove economical to use such chemicals, but generally speaking, they cannot be recommended for photographic work. 

PROP A commercial raw proteolytic enzyme used in laundry detergents (FCTXAV 7,581,69). 

Is used in formulating controlled foaming detergents for commercial laundries, textile scouring, metal and hard surface cleaners, and degreasers. 

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