Surfactant builders

Laundry and cleaning products (powder and liquid household cleaners), in which linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) and tetrapropylenebenzenesulfonate (TPBS) are used in combination with other surfactants, builders, and additives. Today TPBS is used only in small amounts because of its poor biodegradability. 

Surfactants, builders, and bleaches are quantitatively the major components of modern detergents the auxiliary agents discussed in this section are introduced only in small amounts, each to accomplish its own specific purpose. Their absence from current detergent formulations is difficult to imagine. 

Intensive investigations have shown that specific silica-silicone mixtures or paraffin oil systems are considerably more universal in their applicability and that their effectiveness is independent of both water hardness and the nature of the surfactant-builder system employed [31-33]. Therefore, most heavy-duty detergents in Europe have silicone oil and/or paraffins as foam depressors. Soap has almost lost its importance as a foam regulator. Silica-silicone systems, frequently called silicone antifoams, are usually commercially available as concentrated powders. The key silicone oils used for antifoams are dimethylpolysiloxanes. 

Acusol 820 stabilizer is useful in preparing liquid detergent systems on surfactant/builder mixtures. In these formulations it can function in either of two ways ... 

Modem detergent products are complex mixtures of many different ingredients. Typical formulations consist of surfactants, builders, and other additives designed to maximize performance for the consumer while maintaining reasonable raw material and manufacturing costs. Typical detergent formulations contain multiple surfactant types to optimize performance and product stability.21,22 Performance additives such as bleaches, bleach activators,... 

Liquid products are approximately 50 to 60 percent water, with the remainder being a combination of surfactants, builders, foam regulators, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers, hydrotropes, antiredeposition polymers, optical brighteners, corrosion inhibitors, dye, and perfume. Two-in-one formulations also contain antistatic and fabric softening ingredients. Liquid systems require careful selection and blending of raw materials to achieve a stable product. Special attention is necessary for the following items. 

A typical heavy-duty liquid consists of all or some of the following components surfactants, builders, enzymes, polymers, optical brighteners, and fragrance. In addition, it may contain other special ingredients designed for specific functions. 

Liquid detergent process patents frequently define both compositional and process requirements, such as raw material concentrations and specifications, order of addition of critical components, thermal history, premix or adjuvant preparation methods, product/process stabilizers, distributive and dispersive mixing requirements, and process instrumentation. These patents apply to the production of primary raw material constituents, such as surfactants, builders, conditioning agents, rheology regulators, hydrotropes, disinfectants, bleach additives, etc., in addition to the specification of fully formulated detergent systems. 

Syndet bars consist of similar ingredients as powdered detergents. Surfactants, builders, bright-eners, antiredeposition agents, and perfumes are some of the rntgor componeuts. 

This fifth volume (Part E) of the six-volume series Handbook of Detergents deals with the various applications of detergent formulations—surfactants, builders, sequestering/chelating agents—as well as of other components of detergent formulations—in the entire spectrum of applications, including domestically, institutionally, and industrially. 

Series, the book discusses state of the art in the industrial production of the main players in detergent formulation—surfactants, builders, auxiliaries, bleaching ingredients, chelating agents, and enzymes. 

Laundry Oils, fats and greases, organics, surfactants, builders, solvents, HMs Coagulation and flocculation, DAF and filtration Polyamine plus ferric chloride or PAC followed by anionic polyacrylamide... 

A detergent composition is a formulated mixtiure of raw materials that can be classified into different types based on their properties and function in the finished product. The different classes of raw materials are surfactants, builders, bleaching agents, enaymes, and minors. Although simple products, such as window cleansers, contain raw materials of only two classes, more sophisticated formulations contain all of them. Atypical example of a highly sophisticated product is a laimdry powder detergent. 

Sometimes, the surfactant/builder system is not able to clean perfectly certain soils, such as blood, firuit, wine, and coffee and tea stains. The staining molecules are so substantive... 

Surfactants Builders Binary system Nonionic LABS ... 

Stability in the presence of other detergent ingredients, such as surfactants, builders, and activated bleach [e.g., perborate—TAED (tetraacetyl ethylene diamine)], both during storage and use... 

Features Compat. with both nonionic and anionic surfactants, builders and tillers ... 

Features Stable in caustic soda compat. with most surfactants, builders, many soivs. 

These normally contain anionic and nonionic surfactants, builders (such as sodium tripolyphosphate, acrylate polymers or copolymers, or sodium carbonate), ion exchangers (such as polyacrylic acid or zeolite), corrosion inhibitor (sodium silicate), processing aids, antiredeposition agent (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose), whitener or optical brightener (stilbene derivative), dye, and perfume. They may also contain bleach (sodium perborate or percarbonate), enzymes (a protease and/or an amylase), foam suppressor, filler/processing aid (sodium sulfate), fabric softener (quaternary ammonium salt immobilized on a clay), and solubilizer. The surfactant concentration of a heavy duty powder is in... 

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