MARKET SIZE

Accurate data for the organic market are scarce and varies according to source. The following sections will attempt to present and summarise data presented in a variety of sources. 

Similar growth rates have been experienced in major European markets and in the US (Lohr 1998). 

Europe has the world s largest market for organic food. The value of the organic market in the European Union alone is currently estimated at around 4.5bn (Lohr 1998 PSL 

Country Retail sales m (estimate) Retail sales mt Retail share % (estimate) Imports % (estimate) 

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Market Size and Distribution. The market for PV modules has grown at an average annual rate of more than 15% since the 1980s to approximately 68 yr (1994) (45). With increased involvement of utilities and lending institutions, such as the World Bank, this rate is expected to... 

Economic Aspects. Trimesic acid being a smaH-volume chemical, availabiUty is in polyethylene-lined fiber dmms in 34- and 136-kg quantities. Mesitylene [108-67-8] the raw material, is readily available, and oxidation to trimesic acid presents no problems. The market size is dictated by commercial uses. 

Since its development in cosmetics in the 1940s, thioglycolic acid has become a widespread thiochemical, used all over the world as the acid or in the form of its salts or esters. Because of the several derivatives of thioglycolic acid used, the market size for this chemical is often expressed in terms of thioglycolic acid equivalents. In 1994 the total world market was estimated at around 15,000 to 20,000 metric tons of thioglycolic acid equivalents. Some mercaptocarboxyhc acid and esters available are compiled in Table 2. 

The roofing market size is geaerally reported by building type rather than by roofing material type, ie, residential and commercial. The total roofing market ia 1990 was 11.6 biUioa commercial and 5.1 biUion residential for a total of 16.7 biUion including labor. Labor is iacluded because ia most cases the finished product is produced oa site. Of the total, 59% was asphalt roofing with 81% of that based ia the resideatial market and 19% ia the commercial markets. 

Human somatotropin 191 amino acids E. coll Pituitary dwarfism Approved for sale If useful in treatment of osteoporosis then market size will be much larger Has additional methionine residue at N-terminus, but technology for removing this now available... 

The potential market size of anthraquinone was given in 1991 as follows [104b, 132] ... 

We also came up with another interesting statistic in our analysis of these data. On this table (Table III) I have summarized the frequency of commercialization within certain time frames after the expiration of the mandatory 90 days from receipt of the PMN by EPA. As you can see, most companies want to produce and sell their new chemical as soon as possible. We have not had time to analyze these data further but it would be interesting to see if there is any relationship between commercialization time and type of chemical, end use or market, size of company, volume of production, etc. 

While the market for intense sweeteners is substantial it seems questionable whether a newcomer could expand the total market size instead of cannibalising markets of existing sweeteners. Similar considerations apply for bulk sweeteners with their specific fields of applications and higher cost than carbohydrates. Any new development would have to compete with the established sweeteners and new products would have to earn the substantial cost of development first which would be very difficult. It seems therefore unlikely that more than very few new developments, if any more than those mentioned before, will be seen in the foreseeable future. 

The anti-CD20 cell-surface molecule was a candidate for NHL freafment, an incurable tumor. In 1991, NHL was considered a small market, with perhaps less than 200 million in anticipated sales per year. Because the expected market size was small, there was not a lot of competition from large pharmaceutical companies. In 1995, when IDEC had impressive clinical data showing safety and efficacy wifh Rifuxan, many large pharmaceutical... 

Pharmaceutical companies evaluate the future direction and R D activities based on medical needs, market size, patent protection, and key competencies. 

China s pharmaceutical market is growing at a very fast pace. The current data show that the total market is around US 20 billion, and it is the ninth largest pharmaceutical country in the world. The Chinese government maintains price control on imported drugs. With China s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), tariffs have been reduced from 20% to 6.5%. The projection is that the market size will reach US 60 billion by 2010, and China will be the world s largest market by 2020. 

In order to prove enzyme engineering feasibility, it was important to develop a model system. One of the prime considerations for any model would be the commercial potential of the model. Table I lists the major commercial enzymes and the market size in US dollars (5). The alkaline proteases (subtilisins) are clearly the major single class of enzymes in commercial use today, representing 25% of the total enzyme market of 600 million. The primary use of subtilisins is as additives in laundry detergents to aid in the removal of proteinaceous stains from cloth. 

Table I. The Major Commercially Available Enzymes and Estimated Market Size...

There has never been any incentive for the pharmaceutical industry to pursue research along these lines even though, as in the case of Vioxx, the end results of neglecting adverse effects may be very costly. The aim of the industry has usually been to extend the market size irrespective of potential risk and attempts to implement effective post-marketing surveillance has received little enthusiasm. It is to be hoped that company medical departments and pharmaceutical physicians will continue to support the need for a broad range of safety evaluation studies to be conducted on new medicinal products. 

Example 1 Citrus oil or citrus root products can Indeed kill slugs if they are applied as a contact agent or act as a slug repellent. Although some patents have been issued on the use of citrus oil as a slug control agent, such control with a contact agent is difficult and the chemical compositions of citrus oil and root exudate are ill-defined. Other obstacles for commercialization of citrus oil are (1) market size is too small to justify the development cost, and (2) an effective delivery method has yet to be developed. 

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