Detergents laundry powders

The introduction of concentrated laundry detergent powders in Japan during 1986-1987 produced a substantial increase in the consumption of LAB in the subsequent 3-4 years as the market changed from low-density, spray-dried powders to the concentrated (compact) products. In these products, which may contain up to 40% surfactant, the cost/performance advantages of LAS are of significance. In addition, LAB sulfonic acid is well suited for the production of high-active, high-density (about 1.0 g/cm3) laundry powders by routes other... 

Dishwash tablets have undergone a transformation in the past few years, going from a simple powder or liquid gel, to two-in-one tablets, to three-in-one tablets, to four-in-one tablets, and recently to five-in-one tablets, which were launched in 2005. This latest version comes with three sections sealed inside water soluble compartments made of the - polymer poly (vinyl alcohol). The various ingredients in a dishwash product have to be kept separate to prevent them from reacting chemically with one another. Some of the ingredients can coexist without reacting, such as the surfactants and the enzymes, as they do in laundry detergent powders, and some are most useful if they are released near the end of the wash, such as rinse aids. 

The monoethanolamides are not soluble in water and are hard waxy solids, which render them useful in laundry detergent powders since they give easier flowing powders than the sticky diethanolamides and improve the foam and foam stability properties. The simple chemistry is given below ... 

Sodium sulfate is often found in laundry detergent powders based on sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate. Aside from acting as an inexpensive filler, suggest other reasons for its presence and possible useful functions. 

Fig. 6.3-1 Diagram of a spray-drying system for the production of conventional laundry detergent powder [B.60]...

Fig. 6.3-2 Flow diagram of a traditional spray drying process for the manufacture of laundry detergent powder [B.102]...

In most developed countries, laundry detergent powders comprise the bulk of the detergent market. Powders are used both for hand and machine washing, depending on the markets in which they serve. Powders basically fall into two categories, conventional and superconcentrates. 

I I cleaners Laundry detergents Powder products Liquid products Dishwashing detergents... 

Sodium sulfate in moderation is used as a diuretic and cathartic for humans and animals (14) (see Gastrointestinal agents). It is also used in consumer products such as laxatives, antacids, and as a natural filler it is used extensively in powdered laundry detergents (see Detergency). 

Alpha-amylases are characterized by attacking the starch polymer in an endo fashion, randomly cleaving internal 1,4-bonds to yield shorter, water-soluble dextrins. They are the preferred type of amylase for laundry detergents, and are included in both powder and Hquid formulations in many countries. 

Bacterial a-amylases used in laundry detergents are fully compatible with detergent proteases, ie, the two enzymes work together in the wash process. During storage in both powder and Hquid detergents, the amylases are very stable in the presence of proteases. 

Ether carboxylates are used not only in powdered detergents but in liquid laundry detergents for their hard water stability, lime soap dispersibility, and electrolyte stability they improve the suspension stability and rheology of the electrolyte builder [130,131]. Formulations based particularly on lauryl ether carboxylate + 4.5 EO combined with fatty acid salt and other anionic surfactants are described [132], sometimes in combination with quaternary compounds as softeners [133,163]. Ether carboxylates show improved cleaning properties as suds-controlling agents in formulations with ethoxylated alkylphenol or fatty alcohol, alkyl phosphate esters or alkoxylate phosphate esters, and water-soluble builders [134]. 

A powdered soap-based laundry detergent contains 44% tallow soap, 18% sodium salt of a-sulfonated 1 1 methyl stearate-methyl palmitate mixture, 9% sodium silicate, 10% Na2S04, 2.5% ethoxylated cocoethanolamide, 1.4 cellulose, 0.2% fluorescent whitener, 0.7% enzyme, 0.5% perfume, and 5% water [77]. 

From the anionic surfactants (Table 1.1) the most relevant is LAS with an annual global production volume of more than 3 X 1061 in 2001. LAS has a wide application because of its excellent detersive properties and cost-performance ratio. Commercial LAS is applied mainly in the formulation of powder and liquid laundry detergents. The calcium salts are used as an emulsifier in pesticide formulations their amine salts are used in dry cleaning and as degreasing agents in the metal industry [14]. 

Some quality factors, especially secondary ones, depend directly on material or structural attributes of the product. These product quality factors are often arbitrary and can only be qualitatively evaluated by panels of consumers or experts. Convenience for use, product stability, and ability for human skin protection are all examples of these quality factors. Each arbitrary performance index has specific relationships with the material/structural attributes. In such cases, the desirable quality factor can be realized by directly changing the formulation without concerning any of the performance indices. An example can be that to make a laundry detergent product more convenient to use, the product form can be changed from powder to tablet. Another example is that to make a highly biodegradable product, surfactants with less branching should be used. 

Example 3 Non-aqueous Structured Liquid Laundry Detergent with Suspended Surfactant Powder... 

Figure 7. Flowsheet for manufacturing non-aqueous structured laundry detergent with surfactant powder (Example 3).

Synthetic zeolites and other molecular sieves are important products to a number of companies in the catalysis and adsorption areas and numerous applications, both emerging and well-established, are encouraging the industrial synthesis of the materials. There are currently no more than a few dozen crystalline microporous structures that are widely manufactured for commercial use, in comparison to the hundreds of structures that have been made in the laboratory. See Chapter 2 for details on zeolite structures. The highest volume zeolites manufactured are two of the earliest-discovered materials zeolite A (used extensively as ion exchangers in powdered laundry detergents) and zeolite Y (used in catalytic cracking of gas oil). 

Typically, there are five different compositions of laundry detergents, shampoo, and dishwashing powder ... 

The composition of a typical powdered laundry detergent is given below ... 

Chelants in bleach-activated powder laundry detergents have a number of key roles to play - bleach stabilization, dye and fabric protection, stain removal, and scale inhibition. 

Laundry Detergent - Linen Supply (Powder. Low Alkalinitvl... 

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