Sample fabrication

In this work, 60 pm x 60 pm arrays of Ag or Au nanoparticles were prepared with varied shapes and arrangements. Keeping all the other parameters in the array constant, the lattice spacing of the array has been varied from near contact to a few hundred nanometer separation. 

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Elongations between 100 and 300% are achieved with varying methods of sample fabrication. 

Fig. 2.9.5 (a) Typical computer generated percolation cluster that served as a template for the sample fabrication, (b) Photograph of a model object milled 1 mm deep into a polystyrene sheet. The total object size is 12 x 12 cm2, (c) Photographs of model objects etched 1 mm deep into PMMA sheets by X-ray lithography. The total object sizes are 15x15 mm2, 18x18 mm2 and 24 x 24 mm2 from right to... 

Photon echo and IR pump-probe experiments can also be performed on neat water, but one needs a very small sample. Fabrication of nano-fluidic Si3Ni4 sample cells have opened up this new and exciting field, and data from these experiments, performed by the Elsaesser and Miller groups, have recently been reported [73, 74]. At room temperature, spectral evolution occurs within 50 fs, and polarization anisotropy decays within 75 fs. At temperatures just about the freezing point, spectral evolution slows down dramatically [74],... 

The photocurrent density of nanotube array samples fabricated in an electrolyte of 1.2 g of NH4F in a solution of 5 ml deionized water + 95 ml formamide at 35 V is shown in Fig. 5.46(a). The resulting nanotube array samples were 30 pm in length, with an outer diameter of 205 nm. The samples were annealed at 525°C and 580°C for 1 hour in oxygen prior to measurement. The 580°C annealed sample had an open circuit voltage Voc of -0.925 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) the 525°C annealed sample had an open circuit voltage... 

The photocurrent density of nanotuhe array samples fabricated in an ethylene glycol electrolyte, 0.25 wt % NH4F and 1% H2O at BOV for 6 hours is shown in Fig. 5.47(a). The resulting... 

The results of the hole-opening measurements are presented in the series of oscilloscope traces shown in Figure 16. Traces 16a and b are the results obtained on a sample fabricated with polystyrene of molecular weight 4 K. From trace a it can be seen that under the action of the 8 nsec dye laser pulse, the holes or pits develop fully in —30 nsec. Furthermore, from the measurements taken at 100 nsec/div (b), it can be seen that the pit, once fully developed, maintains its dimensions. Similar conclusions can be drawn from oscilloscope traces c, d and e which show measurements taken on samples... 

Both fiber-matrix interphase-sensitive mechanical tests (interlaminar shear strength, 90° flexure) and interphase-insensitive tests (0° flexure) were conducted on high volume composite samples fabricated from the same materials and in the same manner as discussed above to see if the interphase and its properties altered the composite mechanical properties and in what manner. A summary of the data is plotted as a bar graph in Fig. 7. The first set of bars represents the difference in fiber-matrix adhesion measured between the bare fibers and the sized fibers by the ITS. The composite properties plotted on the figure also show increased values for the epoxy-sized material over the bare fiber composite. 

FIG. 2.9. Conductivity versus dopant concentration for two iodine doped i-PA samples. (S) a sample fabricated by the Shirakawa method and (v) samples fabricated by the Tsukamoto method [27]. 

TJart I of this series of papers (I) described attempts to prepare artifi-dally degraded cotton fabrics which would serve as suitable substrates for evaluating materials intended for use in the textile conservation workshop. While no one system completely reproduced the characteristics of naturally degraded samples, fabrics aged by irradiation were judged adequate for the consolidation study. 

I. Samples fabricated by conventional injection-molding (non-foamed) process. 

Three of the sample fabrics were used as substrates for the resin applications the undegraded, acid hydrolyzed, and 50-Mrad degraded. The acrylic latex (Rhoplex HA-16, 46% solids, from the Rohm and Haas Company) was diluted with water to give 6.9%, 13.8%, and 20.7% resin concentrations. Higher concentrations were not used because the... 

Hn populations B, C, and D, no bonding occurred, and sample fabrication was halted after 10 specimens. 

An obvious and very important consideration in dynamic modulus comparisons is the uniformity of test samples. Candidate materials should be checked to be stable in time. Sample fabrication should be meticulous. Special care should be given to different sample geometries, especially when the chemical reaction during fabrication is exothermic. Finally, comparisons should be made with materials that possess a relatively narrow glass transition region and high loss factors. These materials more readily display differences among the test apparatus. 

This work was supported in part by E. I. DuPont de Nemours Co. Sample fabrication was carried out in the Microsystems Technology Laboratories and in the Microelectronics Laboratory of the Center for Materials Science and Engineering, which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Contract DMR-84-18718. The assistance of Melissa Frank in searching the literature is gratefully acknowledged. 

Fig. 1. Evolution of an effective field-effect mobility as a function of pentacene layer thickness obtained in the samples fabricated by three different growth rate (1.2 nm/min, 0.15 nm/min and 0.05 nm/min, top to bottom) (a). Evolution of an effective field-effect mobility as a function of thickness obtained in the sample fabricated by a growth rate of 0.05 nm/min (b).

In Fig. 1(b) we present an effective field-effect mobility vs. pentacene layer thickness in the samples fabricated by the deposition rate 0.05 nm/min. We see that at such low growth rates the charge transport mechanisms evolve differently than at the elevated growth rates. The most prominent feature is marked plateau in mobility at the pentacene layer thickness range between 3 nm and 10 nm. The differences in the electronic transport are reflected also in the pentacene morphology near the metal/OS interface. 

Electric charge transport across such interface is less efficient than in the case of homogeneous metal/pentacene interface. This is reflected by more than one order of magnitude lower effective field-effect mobility, observed in the samples fabricated by the growth rate of 0.05 nm/min (Fig. 1(a), bottommost curve). The existence of plateau in mobility vs. thickness curve (Fig. 1(b)) is likely to be a consequence of gradual closing of the uncovered region near the metallic contacts. 

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