Functional fluids

Lubricants, Fuels, and Petroleum. The adipate and azelate diesters of through alcohols, as weU as those of tridecyl alcohol, are used as synthetic lubricants, hydrauHc fluids, and brake fluids. Phosphate esters are utilized as industrial and aviation functional fluids and to a smaH extent as additives in other lubricants. A number of alcohols, particularly the Cg materials, are employed to produce zinc dialkyldithiophosphates as lubricant antiwear additives. A smaH amount is used to make viscosity index improvers for lubricating oils. 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate [24247-96-7] serves as a cetane improver for diesel fuels and hexanol is used as an additive to fuel oil or other fuels (57). Various enhanced oil recovery processes utilize formulations containing hexanol or heptanol to displace oil from underground reservoirs (58) the alcohols and derivatives are also used as defoamers in oil production. 

Environmental Considerations. The phosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, and functional fluids have come under intense environmental scmtiny. Results pubUshed to date on acute toxicity to aquatic algae, invertebrates, and fish indicate substantial differences between the various aryl phosphates (159—162). The EPA has summarized this data as well as the apparent need for additional testing (147). 

R. L. Shubkia, Synthetic Eubricants and High-Peformance Functional Fluids, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1993. 

Emulsions. The fatty acid soaps of alkanolamines ate excellent emulsification agents for use in such products as floor poHshes, cosmetics, and functional fluids such as hydrauhc and metalworking fluids. For example, improved hardwater stabiUty of a hydrauhc fluid emulsion is obtained using AMP in the formulation (12). 

Selenium and selenium compounds are also used in electroless nickel-plating baths, delayed-action blasting caps, lithium batteries, xeroradiography, cyanine- and noncyanine-type dyes, thin-film field effect transistors (FET), thin-film lasers, and fire-resistant functional fluids in aeronautics (see... 

Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Functional Fluids, edited by Ronald L. Shubkin... 

Therapeutic Function Fluid and nutrient replenisher Chemical Name Fructose Common Name Levulose and fruit sugar Structural Formula h... 

N. Noiray, D. Durox, T. Schuller, and S. Candel. A unified framework for nonlinear combustion instability analysis based on the flame describing function. /. Fluid Mech., 2008 (In press). 

Propylene glycol, i.e., 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO), is an important commodity chemical. It is used as biodegradable functional fluids and as precursors for the syntheses of unsaturated polyester resins and pharmaceuticals (9-10). Propylene glycol is currently produced from petroleum-derived propylene via oxidation to propylene oxide and subsequent hydrolysis (9, 11). However, the rising cost of propylene provides an incentive to find a substitute to propylene for this... 

Nimodipine for SAH BP, neurologic function, fluid status Every 2 hours in ICU ... 

Chrisope DR, Landry JF. 1993. Automatic transmission fluid. In Shubkin RL, ed. Synthetic Lubricants and High Performance Functional Fluids. New York Marcel Dekker, Inc., 351-364. 

Functional chemicals, 20 712 Functional dyes, anthraquinone, 9 338-341 Functional failures, 15 476 Functional fluids, alkanolamines from nitro alcohols, 2 119... 

Silicone fluids can be discussed in two categories inert fluids and functional fluids, the latter including silicon-functional and organo-functional210 (modified) polymers. The methods of synthesis of functional siloxanes have recently been reviewed.378... 

Unsaturated polyester resins account for the majority of the commercial use of propylene glycol (40%). Other uses include liquid and laundry detergent (15%), cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (12%), antifreeze and deicers (10%), pet food (6%), functional fluids (6%), paint and coatings (4%), and tobacco humectants (3%). 

DFCr systems appear to have the necessary metals tolerance to process residual oils and the abundant, cheaper, but heavily vanadium-contaminated, Venezuelan and Mexican crudes (1-4). Therefore, the dual function fluid cracking catalyst (DFCC) concept could lead to the generation of important catalysts for U.S. refineries should Middle East politics cause another sudden escalation in crude oil prices and availability. The concept is... 

Dye. A dye is added to the engine coolant to differentiate it from other functional fluids (such as automatic transmission fluid, brake fluid, etc.) and to signal its presence in the cooling system. The dye should remain stable during the period of use and should not affect the appearance of paint finishes in case of accidental spillage of coolant. 

Humour 1. A normal functioning fluid or semifluid of the body (as the blood, lymph or bUe) especially of vertebrates. 2. A secretion that is itself an excitant of activity (as certain... 

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