Coal Pennsylvania State

Miller, R.N. and Given, P.H. A Geochemical Study of the Inorganic Constituents In some Low-Rank Coals. Pennsylvania State University Report to U. S. Department of Energy, FE-2494-TR-l 1978. 

Raj, S. 1976. PhD thesis, On the Study of the Chemical Structural Parameters of Coal. Pennsylvania State University. 

Szladow, A. J. "Some Aspects of the Mechanism and Kinetics of Coal Liquefaction , Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1979, 172 pp. 

Spackman, W. Cohen, A. D. Given, P. H. Casagrande, D. J. "The Comparative Study of the Okefenokee Swamp and the Everglade s-Mangrove Swamp-Marsh Complex of Southern Florida, Field guidebook printed for Geol. Soc. Amer. Pre-convention field trip, 15-17 November 1974 (subsequently published by Coal Research Section, Pennsylvania State University, 1976), 403 pp. 

Study of the Interrelationships among Chemical and Petrographic Variables of United States Coals, Tech. Rept. 9 to U.S. Department of Energy from Coal Research Section, Pennsylvania State University, Rept. FE-2030-TR 9, 1978. 

Walker, P. L. Spackman, W. Given, P. H. Davis, A. Jenkins, R. G. Painter, P. C. "Characterization of Mineral Matter in Coals and Coal Liquefaction Residues", Annual Rept. AF-832 from Pennsylvania State University to Electric Power Research Institute, 1978. 

Elements In U.S. Coals. Coal Research Section, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Contract No. 14-01 - 0001 - 390, 1972. 

Dr. Garcia was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship provided by the Spanish Research Council (CSIQ. Financial support for the experimental work was provided by The Pennsylvania State University Cooperative Program for Coal Research, llie authors are grateful fcH the sample of yhiran lignite provided by the Istanbul Technical University. 

Nskala, N., Walker, P. L. and Essenhigh, R. H. The Characteristics of Chars Produced bv Pvrolvsis Following Rapid Heating of Pulverised Coal. Technical Report 2,1977, Pennsylvania State University, Contract No. E(49-18)-2030. 

About 25 years ago, a major conference on coal science was held at The Pennsylvania State University. The papers presented at that conference were subsequently published as Coal Science, an out-of-print volume in the Advances in Chemistry Series of the American Chemical Society. Some of the chapters in that volume are still cited in current literature, a testament to the quality and continuing relevance of that work to the field of coal science. The conference organizer, Peter Given, had come to Penn State a few years earlier after a 10-year career with the British Coal Utilization Research Association. Even then. Given had established a reputation as a significant contributor to coal science. In the following years, he came to be recognized as one of the dominant coal scientists of the post-World War II era. 

Lovell, H.L. "Studies in the Treetment of Coal Mine Dralnege by Biochemical Iron Oxidation and Limestone Neutralization," Pennsylvania State University Spec. Rept. SR-98 to Pennsylvania Dept Environmental Resources, Harrisburg, PA, 1974. 

Recent comprehensive investigations involving a large number of coal samples and determinations of many elements including trace elements have been undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey (29), the U.S. Bureau of Mines (30), the Illinois State Geological Survey (23), and The Pennsylvania State University (2). 

Given, P. H., Problems of Coal Analysis, Pennsylvania State Univ. Rept. 

The American Conference on Coal Science sponsored by the Pennsylvania State University with the Division of Fuel Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, the Geological Society of America, and the Organic Geochemistry Group of the Geochemical Society, held at Pennsylvania State University, University Park,... 

Moisture. The moisture determinations are not very reliable since the coals were sampled and then shipped to the laboratories at The Pennsylvania State University for this study. Several months elapsed between the time of sampling and analysis. However, the moisture determinations do provide some basis to demarcate the zones which are highly absorbent. The moisture content ranges from 1.58 to 10.01% in Seam 4 and from 2.07 to 9.47% in Seam 2. 

The authors express their thanks to the Chirmiri Colliery staff for granting permission to sample their seams and to Diwan and Bala Krishna for help in sampling. The first author thanks the Fulbright authorities for providing a grant to carry out the above investigations. Finally, the authors thank the many people who have helped in one way or the other in the above investigations, particularly William Spackman, Director of Coal Research at The Pennsylvania State University. 

Coal Research Section, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802... 

The coals designated as PSOC-2 and PSOC-858 were obtained from the Coal Data Bank at the Pennsylvania State University. 

Some 37 samples from 16 coals of the Pennsylvania State University coal data base (PSOC) were examined. Separate density fractions were obtained by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation of small ( 3iim) coal particles in an aqueous CsCl density gradient. (4J The individual samples are listed by PSOC numbers, coal description, ASTM designation of coal-rank maceral type, and density in Table I. After separation, the samples... 

We are indebted to G.R. Dyrkacz and his collaborators and to R.E. Winans and K.L. Stock for the preparation of the macerals used in this study. The research was supported by the Department of Energy. The whole coal samples were provided by W. Spackman from the Pennsylvania State University Coal Sample Bank. 

This research was sponsored in part by Amoco Oil Corporation. The research was also financed in part by the State of Delaware as authorized by the State budget Act of Fiscal Year 1988. We would like to acknowledge the help of Prof. Harold H. Schobert of the Pennsylvania State University for providing a sample of the Spanish lignite, and the help of Drs. Richard Markuszewski and Glenn A. Norton of Iowa State University for providing the high-sulfur New Zealand coal sample. 

The coal used in this work was an Illinois No. 6 coal, PSOC 1098, supplied by Pennsylvania State University. The coal was ground and sieved under dry N2 to pass -60 Tyler mesh and then dried under vacuum at 105°C overnight. 

Given, P.H., et. al., Characterization of Mineral Matter in Coals and Coal Liquefaction Residues, EPRI Annual Report AF-832, Research Project 3361, Pennsylvania State University, December, 1978. 

Scattering data were recorded for about 50 coal samples, most of which were obtained from the Pennsylvania State University PSOC set of coals. We will discuss the scattering from 15 of these coals. The results from the other samples were quite similar to those reported here. 

In Table 1 we list the sum of the specific surfaces of the macropores and transition pores and also the specific surfaces obtained by low temperature nitrogen adsorption and by adsorption of carbon dioxide at room temperatures. The nitrogen and carbon dioxide specific surfaces are taken from the PSOC data bank, except for coal PSOC 105. Since the specific surfaces in the data bank for this coal appeared questionable, they were remeasured by R. G. Jenkins at Pennsylvania State University. 

To evaluate the swelling behavior and the crosslinked parameters of coal networks, swelling data were obtained for seven American coals supplied in fine particles by the Pennsylvania State University coal bank. To eliminate experimental artifacts, several separations and purifications were performed prior to swelling, according to the general experimental protocol reported in earlier communications (1,12). 

This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Grant //ET-78-G-01-3382. Preliminary studies were also supported with funds from the Purdue Coal Research Center. We wish to acknowledge very helpful discussions with T. Ruppel of the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC). The coal samples were kindly provided by the Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. 

We received from Dr. P. Dolsen, Coal Research Division of the Pennsylvania State University, five samples of coal and lignite (4 of coal and 1 of lignite). These were sent to us in physical forms ranging from finely powdered material to chunks lmm in diameter containing various proportions of water, pyrite, ash and volatile material. Thus these samples provided us with adequate variety with which to attempt standardization of our method. The description of those samples is shown in Table I from information provided to us by Penn State. 

Table I. Brief Description of the Five Coal and Lignite Samples Received from the Coal Research Laboratory of the Pennsylvania State University.

Table II, Comparison of Our Results with Those Provided by the Division of Coal Research, Pennsylvania State University.

The work was supported in part by the Center for Energy and Mineral Resources of Texas A M University. We are grateful to Dr. P. Dolsen, Coal Research Division of the Pennsylvania State University, for supplying us with samples for study. We benefitted from the comments of the three reviewers two were anonymous, the other was Dr. O.K. Manuel. 

This research was supported by the Coal Cooperative Program of The Pennsylvania State University and by the Alcoa Foundation. 

Khan, M. R., Thermoplastic Properties of Coal Pyrolysis at Elevated Pressures Effects of Experimental Variables, Inorganic Additives, and Preoxidation, Ph D. thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, pp. 333... 

Walker, P L., Jr., Davis, A., Verina, S. K., Rivera-Utrilia, J., and Khan, M. R., Interaction of Gases, Vapors, and Liquids with Coals and Minerals at Ambient Temperatures—Their Use to Characterize Porosity, The Pennsylvania State University, DOE-30013-19, Under Contract No. DE-AC22-80PC30013 (1984). 

In 2002, the top four coal-producing states were Wyoming (373 million short tons [st]), West Virginia (150 million st), Kentucky (124 million st) and Pennsylvania (68 million st) (National Mining Association, 2003). Many other states also have significant resources. Coal can be shipped long distances by train at low cost. Thus, coal can be considered as an option for primary feedstock in all regions of the United States. 

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