Southern Florida

FIGURE 5.5 Reconstruction of time course of great egret feather mercury concentrations as a result of mercury emissions changes in southern Florida, from 1940 through 2003. Source From Frederick et al. 2004.)... 

Frederick PC, Hylton B, Heath JA, Spalding MG. 2004. A historical record of mercury contamination in southern Florida (USA) as inferred from avian feather tissue. Environ Toxicol Chem 23 1474-1478. 

Sepulveda MS, Poppenga RH, Arrecis JJ, Quinn LB. 1998. Mercury and selenium concentrations in free-ranging in tissues from double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from southern Florida. Colonial Waterbirds 2T35M2. 

Sundlof SF, Spaulding MG, Wentworth JD, Steible CK. 1994. Mercury in livers of wading birds (Ciconiiformes) in Southern Florida. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 27 299-305. 

Spackman, W. Cohen, A. D. Given, P. H. Casagrande, D. J. "The Comparative Study of the Okefenokee Swamp and the Everglade s-Mangrove Swamp-Marsh Complex of Southern Florida, Field guidebook printed for Geol. Soc. Amer. Pre-convention field trip, 15-17 November 1974 (subsequently published by Coal Research Section, Pennsylvania State University, 1976), 403 pp. 

No data are available on the toxicity of copper to avian wildlife. All studies with birds and copper use domestic chickens, ducks, or turkeys (Table 3.6). Copper, however, may indirectly affect avian wildlife by curtailing certain prey species. Winger et al. (1984), for example, show that apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) are not only extremely susceptible to copper (LC50 of 24 to 57 pg/L in 96 h immatures most sensitive), but are the primary food of the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered species. The decline of the apple snail in southern Florida coincided with the use of copper-diquat to control hydrilla aquatic weeds (Hydrilla verticillata), with serious implications for the snail kite (Winger et al. 1984). 

Winger, P.V., M.J. Imlay, W.E. McMillan, T.W. Martin, J. Takekawa, and W.W. Johnson. 1984. Field and laboratory evaluation of the influence of copper-diquat on apple snails in southern Florida. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3 409-424. 

Spalding, M.G., C.K. Steible, S.F. Sundlof, and D.J. Forrester. 1997. Metal and organochlorine contaminants in tissues of nestling wading birds (Ciconiiformes) from southern Florida. Florida Field Natural. 25 42-50. 

The number of cases of ciguatera may average over 2,000 per year. Data accumulated from a tu ee-year study of southern Florida indicate an average of 1,300 cases per year (23) or for Dade County, Florida, 0.5 cases per 1,000 population (24). 

Gorgonia acerosa, Caesar s Creek, Southern Florida. Latitude about 23°... 

Red maple (A. rubrum) is another widely distributed species, occurring over much of eastern North America, from northern Ontario to southern Florida. The habitat of red maple is highly varied, ranging from flooded swamps to dry hills and rocky slopes. The foliage of this species turns a brilliant scarlet in the autumn. The natural distribuficn of the silver maple A. saccharinum) is largely restricted to swamps and floodplains. 

At one time, southern Florida was the main entry point into the United States for cocaine arriving from South America. New York was the second port of choice for smugglers. More recently, the majority of cocaine entering the United States does so by crossing the Mexican border. From these entry points, the cocaine is then distributed to... 

Rivea corymbosa produces beautiful white flowers and grows in Mexico, West Indies, Texas, Southern California, Central and Southern Florida. The alkaloid content of the seeds range from a low of 0.021% to a high of 0.060% according to Marderosian (1966) and Youngken. 

Where easily weathered lithologies such as carbonates and evaporites are near the surface, such as in the lower Amazon valley, their contribution to the rivers appears minor, probably because thick residual soil covers have developed. This indicates that susceptibility to weathering is indeed less important in controlling lowland erosion rates. Carbonate platforms, such as southern Florida and the Yucatan in North America, are exceptions because of deep-water circulation throughout the carbonate karst. 

Distribution Southern Florida and the Keys Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles... 

Scholl, D. W., and Stuiver, M. (1967). Recent submergence of southern Florida A comparison with adjacent coasts and other eustatic data. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 78, 437-454. 

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