National Mining Association

Coleman, L. L. (1999). International Coal 1998 ed. Washington, DC National Mining Association. 

National Mining Association. (1998). Facts about Coal 1997-1998. Washington, DC Author. 

National Mining Association. 2003. U.S. Coal Production by State, Region and Method of Mining—2002. Available online at http // www.nma.org/pdf/c production method.pdf. Accessed January 3, 2004. 

In 2002, the top four coal-producing states were Wyoming (373 million short tons [st]), West Virginia (150 million st), Kentucky (124 million st) and Pennsylvania (68 million st) (National Mining Association, 2003). Many other states also have significant resources. Coal can be shipped long distances by train at low cost. Thus, coal can be considered as an option for primary feedstock in all regions of the United States. 

United States National Mining Association http //www.nma.org/ (accessed Jnly 12, 2010). The National Mining Association (NMA) is a 501(c) 6, nonprofit trade association and represents the political presence of over 325 mining corporations of the American mining industry in Washington, D.C. before Congress, the administration, federal agencies, the... 

National Mining Association. (1996). Coal Transportation Statistics. Washington, D.C. National Mining Association. 

Caruccio, F. T. Ferm, J. C. 1974. Paleoenviron-ment - predictor of acid mine drainage problems. Proceedings of the 5th Coal Mine Drainage Research Symposium, National Coal Association (USA), Kentucky, 5-9. 

Fig. 10. Continuous mining machine used in underground mine. As coal accumulates on the mine flixir. the helical screw effect of the culling head constantly moves the pile toward the center of the head, contributing to fast loading and improved productivity and cleanup. Two powerful motors handle all motions of the machine. Safety provisions are incorporated in the design. (National Coal Association)...

Fig. 12. Example of longwall mining. (National Coal Association)...

Singer P. C. and Stumm W. (1968) Kinetics of the oxidation of ferrous iron. In 2nd Symp. Coal Mine Drainage Research. National Coal Association/Bituminous Coal Research, pp. 12-34. 

Report. America Mining Congress and National Stone Association. 

Figure 12.24 Eh-pH diagram showing the stability field of Fe(OH)i(s) assuming = 38.5, and siderite, FeCOj.at 10°C. Mineral-solution boundaries are drawn for a dissolved IFe activity of 10 mol/kg (100 mg/kg as Fe), and a total alkalinity of 10 " mol/kg (24 mg/kg as HCOj). Field-measured Eh and pH values for 16 streams and 19 groundwaters from coal strip-mined areas of northwestern Pennsylvania are circled. From M.A. Gang and D. Langmuir (1974). Copyright 1974 by the National Coal Association. Used by permission.

Manganese in 2nd quarter of 1948, Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, Bureau of Mines Mineral Market Surveys, Bureau of Mines Natural Rubber News, Natural Rubber Bureau Naval Stores Report, Dept, of Agriculture National Fertilizer Association Service Letter Oilways, Esso Standard Oil Co. 

American Society of Civil Engineers National Education Association American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers American Chemical Society American Bar Association American Society of Mechanical Engineers Modem Language Association of America American Historical Association Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers... 

Since 1979, elemental concentrations of fine particles have been monitored in remote areas of the United States in networks operated for the National Park Service (NPS) and the EPA (Eldred and Cahill 1994). Lead at all sites decreased sharply through 1986, corresponding to the shift to unleaded gasoline, but has since leveled off at 1-2 ng/m3 (0.001-0.002 pg/m3), which is approximately 18% of the 1982 mean. The elevated lead concentrations (up to 5 ng/m3) since 1986 at three of the twelve sites are probably associated with mining activity. 

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is funding research at the University of Nevada at Reno on the chemical environmental problems associated with mining of gold and silver in the desert environment of the western United States. Cyanide will be the focus of an environmental chemistry project which is intended to provide essential site and chemical characterization information to concurrent biomedical projects. This research will provide information on releases of cyanide to the environment from precious metal mining and help to determine the threat to human health (i.e., potential for human exposures to cyanide) from toxic mining waste. 

Standards or specifications issued by individual companies are not considered to be of national status, however large or multi-national the concern might be. Specifications issued by local authorities and nationalised industries would be in the same bracket. Organizations such as Rapra Technology (The Rubber and Plastics Research Association), The British Rubber Manufacturers Association, the Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre and the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining do not issue standards. 

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