Coals research

In the early 1950s Karl Ziegler then at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Germany was studying the use of aluminum compounds as catalysts for the oligomer ization of ethylene... 

A. Stratton, D. F. Hemming, and M. Teper, Methanol Production from Natural Gas or Coal, report no. E4/82, International Energy Agency Coal Research, London, 1982. 

J. F. Jones and co-workers. Char Oil Energy Development, Offiice of Coal Research ReND Report No. 56, Final Report, GPO Cat. No. 163.10 56, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., May 1972. 

Acetylene traditionally has been made from coal (coke) via the calcium carbide process. However, laboratory and bench-scale experiments have demonstrated the technical feasibiUty of producing the acetylene by the direct pyrolysis of coal. Researchers in Great Britain (24,28), India (25), and Japan (27) reported appreciable yields of acetylene from the pyrolysis of coal in a hydrogen-enhanced argon plasma. In subsequent work (29), it was shown that the yields could be dramatically increased through the use of a pure hydrogen plasma. 

R. E. Gannon and V. Kmkonis, "Arc-Coal Process Development," ReTD Report No. 34—Fina/Report, ContractNo. 14-01-0001-493, prepared for Office of Coal Research by AVCO Corp., 1972. 

Coal Research Projects Data Base Energy Research in Progress (ERIP) Environmental Research Projects (ENREP)... 

Current research projects lEA Coal Research Energy Research Development Corp. Commission of the European C om-munitie s Eureka Secretariat Deutsches Umweltbun-desamt... 

Still another process, called BI-GAS, was developed by Bituminous Coal Research in a 73 t/d pilot plant in Homer City, Peimsylvania. In this entrained-bed process, pulverized coal slurry was dried and blown into the second stage of the gasifier to contact 1205°C gases at ca 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) for a few seconds residence time. Unreacted char is separated and recycled to the first stage to react with oxygen and steam at ca 1650°C to produce hot gas and molten slag that is tapped. 

Maude, C. W. (1993). Advanced Power Generation A Comparative Study of Design Options for Coal. lEA Coal Research. 55 15-32. 

Development of the LPM process is included within the American Gas Association-United States Office of Coal Research joint program on producing substitute natural gas (SNG) from coal. The development program consists of three phases which are proceeding in an overlapping manner. These are reviewed in Table I. Completion of the program is scheduled for June 30, 1975. 

The use of plastics as an energy source was demonstrated on a commercial scale at ICl Materials plastics manufacturing site in Dumfries, UK. This paper covers the preparation and use of pre- and post-consumer plastics as supplementary fuels in a circulating fluidised bed boiler specially designed for co-combustion with coal. Full emissions data on the 15% mixtures of individual plastics with coal are given, together with calculations of thermal efficiencies. Measurements by an independent body (British Coal Research Establishment) confirmed that the co-combustion of coal and plastic reduces some emissions compared with coal alone. Thermal efficiencies of around 80% were achieved and this heat was used effectively during the production of plastics. 7 refs. 

Spackman, W. Cohen, A. D. Given, P. H. Casagrande, D. J. "The Comparative Study of the Okefenokee Swamp and the Everglade s-Mangrove Swamp-Marsh Complex of Southern Florida, Field guidebook printed for Geol. Soc. Amer. Pre-convention field trip, 15-17 November 1974 (subsequently published by Coal Research Section, Pennsylvania State University, 1976), 403 pp. 

Study of the Interrelationships among Chemical and Petrographic Variables of United States Coals, Tech. Rept. 9 to U.S. Department of Energy from Coal Research Section, Pennsylvania State University, Rept. FE-2030-TR 9, 1978. 

Durie, R.A., "Coal Conversion Research in Australia", Paper Bl, Third International Conf. on Coal Research, Sydney, Aust., October 1976. 

Bowling, K.McG and Waters, P.L., CSIRO Division of Coal Research, Investigation Report 74, September 1968. 

National Coal Board, Coal Research Establishment, Stoke Orchard, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England... 

At the Coal Research Establishment of the National Coal Board, methods for the liquefaction of coals to produce transport fuels, feedstocks for the chemical industry and high purity carbons suitable for electrode manufacture are being developed. 

Clarke L.B., Sloss L.L. Trace Elements - emissions from coal combustion and gasification. London IEA Coal Research, 1992. 

Benson, S., Ceramics for Advanced Power Generation, IEA Clean Coal Center Report CCC/37, IEA Coal Research, London, August 2000. 

Smith, I., COz Reduction Prospects for Coal, IEA Coal research Report, IEA Coal Research, London, ccc/26, London, 1999. 

Director Coal-Research Institute at Muehlheim (1914—1943) Invention of gasoline synthesis (at normal pressure) together with Hans Tropsch in 1925... 

IEA Coal Research, The Problems of Sulphur, Butterworths, London, 1989, 20. 

Avco An electric arc process for making acetylene from coal and hydrogen. The arc in hydrogen is rotated by a magnetic field in order to spread it out and thus make better contact with the coal passing through. Developed by V. J. Krukonis at the Avco Corporation in the early 1970s with support from the U.S. Office of Coal Research Piloted at the rate of 55 kg/hr but not yet commercialized. 

Bi-Gas [Bituminous Gas] A coal gasification process using a two-stage, entrained-flow slagging gasifier. Developed by Bituminous Coal Research. A 120-tons-per-day pilot plant was built in 1976 at Homer City, PA, under sponsorship from the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and the American Gas Association. 

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