X-ray scattering data

Characterization of the samples by TGA and CHN analysis shows that the template was effectively removed (C < 0.2 wt%). Small-angle X-ray scattering data of the calcined solid shows a reduction in the unit cell due to thermal shrinkage, while the values for the Fenton samples coincide with the starting precursor. Our approach therefore completely preserves the unit cell corresponding to the diameter of the micelles contained in the mesophase. 

Regression Algorithms. The fitting of structural models to X-ray scattering data requires utilization of nonlinear regression techniques. The respective methods and their application are exhausted by Draper and Smith [270], Moreover, the treatment of nonlinear regression in the Numerical Recipes [154] is recommended. 

X-ray scattering data clearly show smectic layering in the B4 phase. Watanabe et al. have suggested44 that the layers form a variant of the... 

Fig. 7 Relative integrated intensities under the peaks (left scale) and relative degree of crystallinity (right scale) obtained from wide-angle X-ray scattering data for D7732C2310 quenched from T = 115 to 30°C. The cooling rate was 30°Cmin 1. The arrow indicates the nominal point at which the final temperature was reached. For convenience, the amorphous peak intensity has been divided by 5. (Reprinted with permission from [ 107]. Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society)...

Zheng, Y., Doerschuk, R C. and Johnson, J. E. (1995). Determination of three-dimensional low-resolution viral structure from solution x-ray scattering data. Biophys ]. 69,619-639. 

Wide-angle X-ray scattering data of these films is not consistent with the phase segregation of the core and complex units, although a lamellae structure is observed... 

The problem of calculating the degree of orientation and size from a scattering pattern has been widely addressed in the scientific literature [86, 88]. In the study of regenerated tissues a two-dimensional analog of the Hermans orientation index [89, 90], previously used to specify the orientation of a polymer from X-ray scattering data, was adapted [81, 91]. 

Basic aqueous solutions of Pb11 yield crystals containing the cluster [OPb6(OH)6]4+ (6f)221 with a centred (p4-0)Pb4 tetrahedron capped on two faces by (p3-OH)3Pb units. There are three types of Pb coordination, and the Pb—<) distances range from 2.2-3.0 A.221 X-ray scattering data, vibrational spectra and potentiometric titration data222 indicate that this cluster also exists in solution. 

Analysis of low angle X-ray scattering data gives a value for the radius of gyration at infinite dilution of 18.3 A (254)- The scattering curve can best be explained on the basis of a cylinder or prolate ellipsoid... 

FIGURE 7.16 (a) Small-angle X-ray scattering data for TBP (1.1 M) in w-dodecane con-... 

Zheng, W., and Doniach, S. (2002). Protein structure prediction constrained by solution X-ray scattering data and structural homology identification. J. Mol. Biol. 316, 173-187. 

Lamb, J., Kwok, L., Qiu, X. Y., Andresen, K., Park, H. Y., and Pollack, L. (2008). Reconstructing three-dimensional shape envelopes from time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering data.J. Appl. Crystallogr. 41, 1046—1052. 

Raman spectra). The lifetime of the clusters is of the order 10"n to 10-12 s, so that by superimposing many representations of the V-structure we obtain the D-structure. The co-operative hydrogen bonding may be one reason for the differences between relaxation times obtained by different techniques (Frank, 1973) so comparison between experiment and theory is not straightforward. However, X-ray scattering data show that water does not exist as distinct patches of dense and bulky water. Consequently considerable interest has been shown in interstitial models for water (Samoilov, 1965). 

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