Fragrant odor

In contrast, aromatic ketones are high boiling, colorless Hquids that generally have a fragrant odor and are almost insoluble in water. They are useful as intermediates in chemical manufacture. Functionalized and cycHc ketones are also good solvents. Ring size and the type and location of functional groups affect odor, color, and reactivity of these ketones. 

Esters are among the most widespread of all naturally occurring compounds. Many simple esters are pleasant-smelling liquids that are responsible for the fragrant odors of fruits and flowers. For example, methyl butanoate is found in pineapple oil, and isopentyl acetate is a constituent of banana oil. The ester linkage is also present in animal fats and in many biologically important molecules. 

Many esters have fragrant odors and contribute to the flavors of fruits. For example, benzyl acetate, CH3COOCH2C6Hs, is an active component of oil of jasmine. Other naturally occurring esters include fats and oils. For example, the animal fat tristearin (12), which is a component of beef fat, is an ester formed from glycerol and stearic acid. 

Colorless to white or gray crystalline solid with a sharp, fragrant odor like apple blossoms that is detectable at 0.02 ppm. 

Clear, colorless, liquid with a sweet, fragrant odor. Sweetish taste. Odor threshold concentrations ranged from 42 ppmv (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990) to 100 ppmv (Leonardos et al, 1969). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 48 mg/m (20 ppmv) and 78 mg/m (33 ppmv), respectively (Heilman and Small, 1974). 

Balm,.—The leaves of this herb—melisia officinalis —yield, by distillation, a volatile essence, sometimes called the oil of mellssa. It has a peculiar, fragrant odor, but is seldom used. The loaves lose their fragrance, in a great measure, when exsicoating. 

Botany Bay Resin, said to be the produco of acaroie resinifem, is of a yellow hue, brittle, and of a slightly astringent taste. -It exhales a fragrant odor when heated, and dissolves In aloohol and ether. It resembles tolu balsam in containing cinnamic, and a small quantity of benzoio add. 

Esters, which contain the C 0 C functional group, have many uses in medicine, industry, and living systems. In medicine, a number of important pharmaceutical agents, including aspirin and the local anesthetic benzocaine, are esters. In industry, polyesters such as Dacron and Mylar are used to make synthetic fibers and films. In nature, many simple esters are responsible for the fragrant odors of fruits and flowers. For example, pentyl acetate is found in bananas, and octyl acetate is found in oranges. 

If you have spent much time in an organic laboratory, you are well aware that many organic compounds have rather strong (and sometimes disagreeable) odors. Aromatic compounds, however, tend to have more fragrant odors than other compounds. If you have a chance, compare the odor of toluene, for example, with that of cyclohexene. In fact, the term aromatic was originally given to... 

In general, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides are too reactive to occur naturally, and nitriles are rare in nature. Esters and amides, on the other hand, are very common. Many esters have pleasant odors, often sweet or fruity, and are responsible for the fragrant odors of fruits and flowers. They are components of many flavorings, both natural and artificial. For example, isopentyl acetate has a strong banana odor, and methyl bu-tanoate is used as an artificial rum flavoring. Typical fats are triesters formed from long-chain fatty acids and the triol glycerol. 

The dog units were labeled furaneol units because this compound is found in large quantity in many fruits (26). Besides being intensely sweet, this compound also has a fragrant odor and is a character impact compound for many fruits. It is believed that this dog furaneol taste system is specific for fruit and is linked with the seed dispersing function of the dog. The presence of this taste system and its absence is readily detectable in the natural eating behavior of canines and felids. In a natural environment canines will supplement their small animal diet with fruit of the season, unlike felids. Nucleotide responsive units are relatively rare in taste systems. The only other vertebrate nucleotide taste system that has been described is in the puffer fish (27). This fish facial nerve taste system, like that in the cat, also responded to a wide variety of nucleotides and to inorganic phosphate compounds. In invertebrates, nucleotide taste systems have been described for blood sucking animals where they are common (28). 

DOT UN 1170/UN 1986/UN 1987 mf C2H6O mw 46.08 PROP Clear, colorless, very mobOe liquid fragrant odor and burning taste. Bp 78.32°,... 

The aromatic hydrocarbons ai e either liquids or solids imder standard conditions of temperature and pressure. Benzene is a colorless liquid which boils at 176° F. Many of the members of this series are characterized by fragrant odors hence the name aromatic is given to this series. 

Insect-pollinated plants are called Entomopkilous. These, being dependent upon the visits of insects for fertilization, possess brilliantly colored corollas, have fragrant odors, and secrete nectar, a sweet liquid very attractive to insects, which are adapted to this work through the possession of a pollen-carrying apparatus. Example Orchids. 

Properties Colorless crystals, flakes, or powder fragrant odor similar to vanilla bitter, aromatic burning taste. Mp 69C, bp 290C. Soluble in 10 vols of 95% alcohol and in ether, chloroform, and fixed volatile oils slightly soluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Light-colored oil fragrant odor. D 1.16 (40C), refr index approximately 1.52. Soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. 

Properties Colorless liquid fragrant odor. D 0.862, bp 243C. Soluble in alcohol and ether insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless, volatile liquid fragrant odor. Miscible with the common hydrocarbon solvents, soluble in water, d 0.92438, fp —98.05C, bp 54.05C,... 

Properties Liquid of fragrant odor, colorless, oily. D 1.085-1.088, refr index 1.514, fp -12.3C, bp 198.6C, flash p 181F (82.7C). Soluble in three parts of 60% alcohol, in most fixed oils, in ether insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless liquid fragrant odor. Bp 104-105C, mp 2.6C, d 0.8672 (20/20C), refr index 1.4211 (20C), flash p 77F (25C) (TOC). Miscible with water soluble in most organic solvents. Grade Technical, 95% min. 

Mainly used as a fiavoring agent and as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry. It has a pleasant fragrant odor resembling vanilla. World s leading producers of coumarin are the following multinational companies ... 

Benzoin A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax benzoin and from other species of Styrax. It appears commercially as hard, brittle tears or masses having a fragrant odor and slightly aromatic taste, and Is used in making benzoic acid, as a stimulant and expectorant, and as a perfume and incense. Called also gum benzoin benjamin, gum benjamin asa dulcls. 

Needles from alcohol or ether, mp 144. Sublimes without decomp Emils fragrant odor on prolonged healing Sol in hot water, warm ether, alcohol, benzene, chloroform practically insol m cold water, 5% HCI, 5% NnOH. petr elher. carbon tetrachloride, sol with orange color in coned mineral acids... 

Butyrate, C,4HM02, liq. Characteristic fragrant odor, bpu 152. dj1 0.901. Almost insol in water sol in ale, ether. 

Yellow to greenish liquid fragrant odor. d 0.890-0.915. D +10 to +30°, Insol in water sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether. 

---