Core, structure

Patent databases are therefore integrated databases because facts, text, tables, graphics, and structures are combined. In patents that include chemical aspects (mostly synthesis or processing), the chemical compounds are often represented by Markush structures (see Chapter 2, Section 2.7.1). These generic structures cover many compound families in a very compact maimer. A Markush structure has a core structure diagram with specific atoms and with variable parts (R-groups), which are defined in a text caption. The retrieval of chemical compounds from Markush structures is a complicated task that is not yet solved completely satisfactorily. 

Before setting up priors and likelihoods, we can factor the joint probability of the core structure choice and the alignment t by using Bayes rule ... 

One of the most striking results that has emerged from the high-resolution crystallographic studies of these icosahedral viruses is that their coat proteins have the same basic core structure, that of a jelly roll barrel, which was discussed in Chapter 5. This is true of plant, insect, and mammalian viruses. In the case of the picornaviruses, VPl, VP2, and VP3 all have the same jelly roll structure as the subunits of satellite tobacco necrosis virus, tomato bushy stunt virus, and the other T = 3 plant viruses. Not every spherical virus has subunit structures of the jelly roll type. As we will see, the subunits of the RNA bacteriophage, MS2, and those of alphavirus cores have quite different structures, although they do form regular icosahedral shells. 

Fig. 8.1-3g Dowtward progress of coherent molten mass as the below core structure weakens...

Slow loss of core structural integrity w. LOCAI w. other LOCAs 1. 11.-4 5.hi--,5 7.4L-5... 

Definition of process objectives Generation of separation core structure Selection of separation sequence and unit operations Addition of further units to the process structure Selection of crystallizer type... 

A laminate is a bonded stack of laminae with various orientations of principal material directions in the laminae as in Figure 1-9. Note that the fiber orientation of the layers in Figure 1-9 is not symmetric about the middle surface of the laminate. The layers of a laminate are usually bonded together by the same matrix material that is used in the individual laminae. That is, some of the matrix material in a lamina coats the surfaces of a lamina and is used to bond the lamina to its adjacent laminae without the addition of more matrix material. Laminates can be composed of plates of different materials or, in the present context, layers of fiber-reinforced laminae. A laminated circular cylindrical shell can be constructed by winding resin-coated fibers on a removable core structure called a mandrel first with one orientation to the shell axis, then another, and so on until the desired thickness is achieved. 

The second major class of protein structures contains structures based around parallel or mixed j8-sheets. Parallel /3-sheet arrays, as previously discussed, distribute hydrophobic side chains on both sides of the sheet. This means that neither side of parallel /3-sheets can be exposed to solvent. Parallel /3-sheets are thus typically found as core structures in proteins, with little access to solvent. 

Efforts have been made to reproduce these characteristics in model systems, and molecules with the core structures already described have been prepared. Though none as yet has shown any photoredox activity the 270 pm distance has been shown to be consistent with (/u-oxo)2 bridges and 330 pm with /u-oxo or /u,-oxo-/u-carboxylate bridges. Several mechanistic proposals have been made incorporating these features. 

Leptosins D-F (258a-c, Scheme 39) [94JCS(P1)1859] were isolated by Takahashi and co-workers from the culture of a strain of Leptosphaeria sp. as cytotoxic substances against the P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line comparable to that of mitomycin C. Utilizing the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-hydroxytryptamines, a simple methodology for the synthesis of core structures of leptosins has been developed (2000H1255). 

In this work the possibility of the existence of 1,2-dihydro isomer with the core structure 42 was not considered. Recently, however, it was shown that 1,2-dihydropyridazines could be prepared by careful electroreduction of the corresponding pyridazines, and that their stability depends significantly on the ring substitutions. Thus, dimethyl l,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dicarboxylate 43a (R = H) is reasonably stable and rearranges into the 1,4-dihydro tautomer 43b only at a more negative potential, while the tautomerization in its tetrasubstituted analog 43a (R = COOMe) occurs more readily (Scheme 14) [00TL647]. 

The objective of this work is to conduct molecular statics calculations of the core structure and the Peierls stresses of various dislocations in NiAl, using a recently developed embedded... 

The core structure of the (100) screw dislocation is planar and widely spread w = 2.66) on the 011 plane. In consequence, the screw dislocation only moves on the 011 glide plane and does so at a low Peierls stress of about 60 MPa. 

Dislocation core structures of (100), (110) and (111) dislocations in NiAl have been studied by molecular statics calculations using a new many-body embedded atom potential. They... 

Fig. 2. Schematic pictures of the core structure of the 1/2 [110] screw dislocation in TlAl. (a) Planar core spread in the (111) plane, (b) Non-planar core spread in both (111) and (111) planes.

Two alternate core structures of the ordinary 1/2[110] dislocation, shown schematically in 1 gs. 2a amd b, respectively, were obtained using different starting configurations. The core shown in Fig. 2a is planar, spread into the (111) plame, while the core shown in Fig. 2b is non-plamar, spread concomitcmtly into the (111) amd (111) plames amd thus sessile. The sessile core is energetically favored since when a shear stress parallel to the [110] direction was applied in the (111) plane the planar core transformed into the non-plamar one. However, in a similar study emplo3dng EAM type potentials (Rao, et al. 1991) it was found that the plamar core configuration is favored (Simmons, et al. 1993 Rao, et al. 1995). 

The core structure of the 1/2 [112] dislocation is shown in Fig. 4. This core is spread into two adjacent (111) plames amd the superlattice extrinsic stacking fault (SESF) is formed within the core. Such faults have, indeed, been observed earlier by electron microscopy (Hug, et al. 1986) and the recent HREM observation by Inkson amd Humphreys (1995) can be interpreted as the dissociation shown in Fig. 4. This fault represents a microtwin, two atomic layers wide, amd it may serve as a nucleus for twinning. Application of the corresponding external shear stress, indeed, led at high enough stresses to the growth of the twin in the [111] direction. 

Fig. 3. Schematic pictures of the core structure of the [101] screw superdislocation.

C Ion Selectivity and the Energetics of Forming Polar Core Structure. . . 211... 

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