Cholinesterase inhibitors chronic effects

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS cholinesterase inhibitor cumulative effect of acute hazards is possible. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS repeated or prolonged contact may cause allergic sensitization of skin an organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitor cumulative effect of acute haz-ards/symptoms is possible may possibly cause reproductive effects in humans human mutation data has been reported. 

Anger, W. K. (1981). Effects of carbaiyl on variable interval response rates in rats. Neurobehavioral Toxicology 2 21-24. Bear, D. M. (1986). Aggression in cat and human precipitated by a cholinesterase inhibitor. Psychosomatics 27 535-536. Branch, R. A. (1986). Is carbaryl as safe as its reputation Does it have a potential for causing chronic neurotoxicity in humans American Journal cf Medicine 80 659-664. 

Malathion is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. Up to 8% of the topically applied dose may be absorbed. Malathion is used as a treatment for head lice, body lice and scabies. It effectively kills both the eggs and the adult lice. Malathion is an insecticide of relatively low human toxicity. However if malathion is used in an indoor environment, as it breaks down into malaoxon, it can be seriously and chronically poisonous. The safety of malathion in pregnancy and in lactating women and in children has not been established. 

All cholinesterase inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with cardiac conduction problems because vagotonic effects can lead to bradycardia. In addition, caution is warranted in patients with comorbid asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bladder outlet obstruction, or seizures, as well as in patients at risk for gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding (Fuller and Sajatovic 2000). 

Desoxypeganine hydrochloride, (II), a reversibly acting cholinesterase and inhibitor monoamine oxidase, was determined by Asmussen (2) to be useful in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The cholinesterase inhibitor identified by Opitz (3), galathamine, (III), was also effective in treating chronic alcoholism. 

Effects of Chronic Poisoning by an Organophosphorus Cholinesterase Inhibitor on Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine Content of the Brain... 

The database for GD lacks chronic oral studies in two species, and studies assessing reproductive/ developmental effects. Because studies on other organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors, including a multigeneration study on agent VX, indicate that reproductive/developmental effects are unlikely, a fuU uncertainty factor of 10 is not warranted. 

The wide use of cholinesterase inhibitors in various spheres of human activities and the risk of acute and chronic intoxications associated with this process prompted investigation of the role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nonspecific esterases in the immunotropic effects of these chemicals. They irreversibly bind to AChE that normally catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) at the... 

Its excellent pesticidal properties are vitiated by its high toxicity to mammals. Its acute oral lDj, for rats is S.4 mg/kg. In chronic oral toxicity tests the no lTect level for rats was found to be SO ppm. Atropine sulfate appeared to be an antidote of oxamil, but pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (PAM), a well-known antidote to cholinesterase inhibitors, does not appear to be effective in this respect. 

Echothiophate is a cholinesterase inhibitor that causes miosis, increase in facility of outflow of aqueous humor, a fall in lOP, and potentiation of accommodation by enhancing the effect of endogenously liberated acetylchohne in the iris, ciliary muscle, and other parasympathetic innervated structures of the eye. It is indicated in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and treatment of accommodative esotropia (see also Figure 12). 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS prolonged contact may cause dermatitis and skin sensitization cholinesterase inhibitor low blood pressure anorexia cumulative effect of acute hazards is possible. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS cholinesterase inhibitor anorexia low blood pressure cardiac irregularities paralysis cumulative effects of acute hazards/symptoms is possible. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS cholinesterase inhibitor resulting in depressed red blood cell activity depressed plasma degenerative changes in the liver pulmonary effects kidney, ureter and bladder effects nausea headaches methyl parathion is linked with human birth defects. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS cholinesterase inhibitor (i.e., causes depressed levels of cholinesterase activity in the serum and erythrocytes) anorexia cardiac irregularities repeated exposure to this chemical may result in cumulative effect of acute hazards/symptoms. 

In Section III, we review studies on persistent effects of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. The human epidemiological literature is examined for evidence that persistent behavioral effects of exposure can be measured in populations with histories of acute poisoning and/or chronic ongoing exposure. We then review behavioral data from animal models designed to characterize the behavioral changes caused by experimental treatments with cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides and identify similarities with the literature on human.s exposed occupationally to these compounds. 

Extremely toxic by oral route moderately toxic by inhalation exhibits acute, delayed, and chronic effects cholinesterase inhibitor symptoms are those of phosphate — or carbamate esters—the major signs of which are increased salivation, lacrimation, spontaneous urination, blurred vision, pinpoint pupils, tremor, twitching of muscle and loss of coordination confusion, convulsions, and coma may occur as well other signs of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, slow heart rate, shortness of breath, and pulmonary edema (U.S. ERA 1988) death may result from respiratory arrest (Gosselin et al. 1984) the probable lethal dose from ingestion in adult human could be... 

Highly toxic by ingestion and moderately toxic by inhalation and skin absorption cholinesterase inhibitor exhibits acute, delayed, and chronic toxicity toxic effects are those of organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate esters the symptoms include excessive salivation, lacrimation, blurred vision, headache, labored breathing, twitches of muscle, loss of reflexes, headache, weakness, sweating, nausea, giddiness, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, convulsions, and coma U.S. EPA-listed extremely hazardous substance. 

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