Multigeneration studies

Restum, J.C., S.J. Bursian, J.P. Giesy, J.A. Render, W.G. Helferich, E.B. Shipp, D.A. Verbrugge, and R.J. Aulerich. 1998. Multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of PCB-contaminated carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, on mink. 1. Effects on mink reproduction, kit growth and survival, and selected biological parameters. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54A 343-375. 

Reproductive toxicity of acesulfame K was studied in test systems aimed at detecting teratogenicity, oral embiyotoxicity and in a multigeneration study. No teratogenicity, no embryotoxicity, and no effects on reproduction, development of the fetuses and lactation performance were found.7... 

However, these effects have been noted in only one study (Mann et al. 1985), and were not seen in the multigeneration study in mice by NTP (Heindel et al. 1989 Morrissey et al. 1989 NTP 1985) or other studies in rats (Lake et al. 1984, 1986 Oishi and Hiraga 1980). 

Following oral or intraperitoneal administration of heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide to male mice that were then bred with untreated females, the preimplantation losses and resorptions were within control limits (Arnold et al. 1977 Epstein et al. 1972). However, lack of corpora lutea counts may have resulted in inaccurate identification of preimplantation losses. On the other hand, when both sexes of mice or rats were fed diets containing heptachlor in multigeneration studies, resorptions were increased relative to controls, and fertility was markedly decreased (Green 1970), in some instances to zero (Akay and Alp 1981). These results seem to suggest that heptachlor affects the female reproductive system and/or the fetuses and may also affect the male reproductive system. 

The equations that describe the feed and water consumption data cannot be applied to pregnant females used in reproductive multigeneration studies. 

In a multigeneration study of reproductive effects, levels of 500 or 125ppm did not effect fertility, litter production, or litter size and did not cause congenital abnormalities. Lens opacities were found in the parents and Fi and F2 generation receiving 500 ppm, but not at the 12 5 ppm level. 

In a multigenerational study of rats treated at 200, 650, and 2 000 ppm 4-nonyklphenol in the diet, there were dose-... 

Chapin RE, Davis BJ, Delaney JC, et al Multigenerational study of 4-nonylphenol in rats. Toxicologist MiX-Sy.XQQ, 1998... 

Til HP, Feron VJ, De-Goot AP The toxicity of sulphite. 1. Long-term feeding and multigeneration studies in rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol 10 291-310, 1972... 

In a multigeneration study in rats, 400 ppm in the drinking water caused a significant... 

Reproductive Toxicity. No studies were located regarding the reproductive effects of thorium in humans following exposure by any route. Neither inhalation nor oral reproduction studies in animals were located. Pharmacokinetic data following inhalation or oral exposure were not located to allow the prediction of possible reproductive effects. One dermal rat study found testicular effects after administration directly onto the scrotal skin. Additional inhalation, oral, and dermal reproduction studies and multigenerational studies would be helpful in assessing the potential risk to humans. 

Bellester, D. R., Brunser, M. T Saitua, M. T Egana, E. 0 Yanez, E. O. and Owen, D. F. 1984. Safety evaluation of sweet lupin Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa). II. Nine-month feeding and multigeneration study in rats. Journal of Chemistry and Toxicology, 22 45 8. 

In a multigeneration study, rats were given 100 mg/kg di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate per day via the feed. For four sueeessive generations, no substanee-specific influence on reproduction rate, lactation or growth was reported [no further details supplied] (Le Breton, 1962, cited in BUA, 1996). 

Mucous membrane tissue lining of nose, mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestine. Multigeneration Study A toxicity test in which at least three generations of the test organism are exposed to die chemical being assessed. Exposure is usually continuous. 

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