Sensitization, allergic

Although the antibacterial spectmm is similar for many of the sulfas, chemical modifications of the parent molecule have produced compounds with a variety of absorption, metaboHsm, tissue distribution, and excretion characteristics. Administration is typically oral or by injection. When absorbed, they tend to distribute widely in the body, be metabolized by the Hver, and excreted in the urine. Toxic reactions or untoward side effects have been characterized as blood dyscrasias crystal deposition in the kidneys, especially with insufficient urinary output and allergic sensitization. Selection of organisms resistant to the sulfonamides has been observed, but has not been correlated with cross-resistance to other antibiotic families (see Antibacterial AGENTS, synthetic-sulfonamides). 

Lambert, A.L., et al., Enhanced allergic sensitization by residual oil fly ash particles is mediated by soluble metal constituents, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 165, 1, 84, 2000. 

Food allergy, by definition, describes the adverse health effects that result from the elicitation of allergic reactions to dietary proteins. This does not necessarily imply, however, that allergic sensitization is invariably acquired via dietary exposure to proteins. As will be discussed later in this chapter, sensitization to food proteins may develop following encounter via other routes of exposure. 

In summary, therefore, the ability to tolerate dietary exposure to food proteins does not demand the suppression of all immune responses, but rather the avoidance or selective inhibition of immune responses of the quality required for IgE antibody production and allergic sensitization. Against this background an intriguing question relates to the nature of factors that influence the loss or failure of immunological tolerance and acquisition of allergic sensitization to food proteins, and which underlie inter-individual differences in susceptibility to food allergy [43],... 

Strid, J., Hourihane, J., Kimber, I., Callard, R. and Strobel, S., Epicutaneous exposure to peanut proteins prevents oral tolerance and enhances allergic sensitization. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 35, 757, 2005. 

Mast Cells and Mast Cell-Derived Factors in the Regulation of Allergic Sensitization... 

Skin Models Implicate a Role for Mast Cells in Priming of Adaptive Immune Responses and Allergic Sensitization... 

Werfel T, Breuer K, Rueff F, Przybilla B, Worm M, Grewe M, Ruzicka T, Brehler R, Wolf H, Schnitker J, Kapp A Usefulness of specific immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic sensitization to house dust mites a multicentre, randomized, dose-response study. Allergy 2006 61 202-205. 

Makela MJ, Kanehiro A, Borish L, Dakhama A, Loader J, Joetham A, et al IL-10 is necessary for the expression of airway hyperresponsiveness but not pulmonary inflammation after allergic sensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000 97 6007-6012. 

Hellings PW, Vandenberghe P, Kasran A, Coorevits L, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, et al Blockade of CTLA-4 enhances allergic sensitization and eosinophilic airway inflammation in genetically predisposed mice. Eur J Immunol 2002 32 585-594. 

Stampfli MR, Wiley RE, Scott Neigh G, Gajewska BU, Lei XF, Snider DP, Xing Z, Jordana M GM-CSF transgene expression in the airway allows aerosolized ovalbumin to induce allergic sensitization in mice. J Clin Invest 1998 102 1704-1714. 

Braun-Fahrlander, C., Gassner, M. and Grize, L. (1999). Prevalence of hay fever and allergic sensitization in farmer s children and their peers living in the same rural community. SCARPOL team. Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptoms with Respect to Air Pollution, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 32, 28-34. 

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