Depression, causes

A thiazole derivative that incorporates a fragment of the amphetamine molecule shows some CNS stimulant activity more specifically, the compound antagonizes the depression caused by overdoses of barbiturates and narcotics. Reaction of benzalde-hyde with sodium cyanide and benzenesulfonyl chloride gives the toluenesulfony1 ester of the cyanohydrin (141). Reaction of this with thiourea leads directly to aminophenazole (143) It is probable the reaction proceeds by displacement of the tosylate by the thiourea sulfur to give 142 addition of the amino group to the nitrile followed by tautomerization affords the observed product. ... 

Discuss important preadministration and ongoing nursing assessments you would make when giving a patient naloxone for severe respiratory depression caused by morphine. 

Besides an anticlastogenic activity, some HS appear to possess also an antitoxic activity, i.e., they were able not only to suppress plant growth depression caused by MH and ALA, but also stimulate growth. Peat, leonardite and alluvial soil HS yielded the best results also for the antitoxic activity. 

Edema is usually first detected in the feet or pretibial area in ambulatory patients and in the presacral area in bed-bound individuals. Edema is defined as pitting when the depression caused by briefly exerting pressure over a bony prominence does not rapidly refill. 

Mannucd C, Tedesco M, BeUomo M, Caputi AP, Calapai G (2006) Long-term effects of nicotine on the forced swimming test in mice an experimental model for the study of depression caused by smoke. Neurochem Int 49 481 86... 

Depression caused by a substance is usually indistinguishable from major depression. It s seldom that a substance-induced mood disorder can be diagnosed with absolute certainty. However, when your patient becomes depressed shortly after beginning to use a medication known to cause depression in others, it s reasonable to assume that the substance may be causing your patient s depression. 

Doxapram increases the rate and depth of respiration. It is used for post-anesthetic respiratory depression, and for respiratory depression caused by drug use. Synonyms of this drug are doxapril, dopram, and others. 

Respiratory depression caused by opioid analgesics can be reversed by opioid antagonists, such as naloxone. Because the duration of respiratory depression may last longer than the duration of the opioid antagonist action, maintain appropriate surveillance. 

Buspirone is as effective as the benzodiazepines in the treatment of general anxiety. However, the full anxiolytic effect of buspirone takes several weeks to develop, whereas the anxiolytic effect of the benzodiazepines is maximal after a few days of therapy. In therapeutic doses, buspirone has little or no sedative effect and lacks the muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant properties of the benzodiazepines. In addition, buspirone does not potentiate the central nervous system depression caused by sedative-hypnotic drugs or by alcohol, and it does not prevent the symptoms associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal. 

Greden JF. The burden of recurrent depression causes, consequences, and future prospects. J Clin Psychiatr 2001 62 22 5-9. 

One unexpected observation, which I will discuss in chapter 10, is that some SSRI drugs that potentiate the serotonin system in favor of enhanced mood in depression cause disturbingly long-lasting alterations in REM sleep physiology, and these alterations sometimes cross the border into the REM sleep behavior disorder. 

The heat of fusion, AHu, and the entropy of fusion, ASu can be determined from the crystalline melting point depression caused by solvents, using the equations given by Flory (5) ... 

SURFACE TENSION. Fluid surfaces exhibit certain features resembhng the properties of a stretched elastic membrane hence the term surface tension. Thus, one may lay a needle or a safety-razor blade upon the surface of water, and it will lie at rest in a shallow depression caused by its weight, much as if it were on a rubber air-cushion. A soap bubble, likewise, tends to contract, and actually creates a pressure inside, somewhat after the manner of a rubber balloon. The analogy is imperfect, however, since the tension in the rubber increases with the radius of the balloon, and the pressure inside, which would otherwise decrease, remains approximately constant while the liquid film tension remains constant and the pressure in the bubble falls off as the bubble is blown. 

Has always, the Law of Initial Value determines how aperson responds to a drug. For example, in well-adjusted, emotionally stable, pain free people, morphine may produce restlessness and anxiety. In contrast, elation most often occurs in users who are either abnormally depressed or highly excited. At very high doses of morphine, the profound depression of brain activity deepens into a state of unconsciousness that can be fatal. Respiratory depression caused by inhibition of the brain s breathing centers is the ultimate cause of death. 

It potentiates (already in low doses) the excitement syndrome induced by DOPA and simultaneously annihilates the depression caused by reserpine. In man, 74 seems to be useful in the treatment of psychoses and schizophrenia. 

BZDs, like other depressants, cause decreased mental alertness and impaired physical coordination. One source reports that 10 percent of drivers arrested for DUI were found to have alcohol and sedatives in their blood. 4... 

Biphalin has a broad therapeutic window. Intrathecal morphine has a 50% MPE for tail flick analgesia at a dose of 2.5 pg per rat. A 10-fold higher dose produces rigidity and respiratory depression, causing death. In contrast, biphalin has a 75% MPE of 0.005 pg per rat. Increasing the biphalin dose... 

Dissolved salts depress the temperature of the maximum density of water, the depression being directly proportional to the concentration of the salt.5 The depression caused by a highly iomsed binary electrolyte, for example, sodium ehlonde, is the sum of two independent effects, namely, that due to the acid radicle, and that due to the base. It is thus possible to calculate the depression caused by such a salt if the moduli corresponding to the two ions arc known.6... 

Naloxone is being used to reverse the potentially lethal respiratory depression caused by neurolept analgesia or opioid overdose. Among other pharmacological effects, naloxone antagonizes the blood pressure drop in various forms of shock [29-32], reverses neonatal hypoxic apnoea [26], counteracts chronic idiopathic constipation [34], reduces the food intake in humans [35, 36] and shows beneficial effects in CNS injuries [37]. 

Matheson I, Pande H, Alertsen AR. Respiratory depression caused by N-desmethyldoxepin in breast milk. Lancet 1985 2(8464) 1124. 

In principle, the capillary depression caused by a fiber floating on a liquid surface can be used to calculate the contact angle 7], In practice, however, the relatively small depth of immersion can make it difficult to obtain sufficient accuracy. Recently, a technique utilizing image analysis has been developed to analyze the capillary rise profile around fibers or cylinders 79],... 

---