Degenerative change

Repeated exposures of animals to high (near-lethal) concentrations of vapors result in inflammation of the respiratory tract, as weU as degenerative changes in the Hver, kidneys, and heart muscle. These effects arise at concentrations far above those causing irritation. Such effects have not been reported in humans. The low odor threshold and irritating properties of acrylates cause humans to leave a contaminated area rather than tolerate the irritation. 

Sick sinus syndrome leading to sinus bradycardia may be caused by degenerative changes in the sinus node that occur with advancing age. However, there are other possible etiologies of sinus bradycardia, including drugs (Table 6-2).13... 

Hepatic Effects. Degenerative changes in the liver have been observed in laboratory animals exposed to 241Am via inhalation or intravenous injection. 

M usculoskeletal Effects. Accidental exposure of a worker to 241 Am resulted in histological signs of fibrosis, bone cell depletion, and bone marrow atrophy. Degenerative changes in bone have also been observed in animals acutely exposed to 241 Am via inhalation and intravenous administration. 

Endocrine Effects. Degenerative changes of the thyroid have been noted in dogs acutely exposed to 241Am by inhalation. Severe thyroid damage has also been shown to occur following repeated intravenous injection of241 Am. 

Renal Effects. Animal studies indicate that degenerative changes in the kidneys may result from acute inhalation exposure to 241 Am. Repeated intraperitoneal injection of241 Am resulted in histopathologic changes in the kidneys of rats. 

The antidotal action of the barbiturates is probably limited to the effects of chlordan on the nervous system. They most likely have no beneficial antagonistic action against the delayed parenchymatous degenerative changes produced by chlordan (4). Therefore, they are primarily only of possible value in acute poisoning in which severe stimulation of the central nervous system may be the primary cause of death. 

NS (general population) Cardiovascular Degenerative changes in myocardium, electrocardiogram abnormalities in children 6-20 Silver and Rodriguez-Torres 1968... 

Headache, tachypnea, dizziness, confusion, and chest pain. The casualty may also experience palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, drowsiness, lethargy, hallucination, agitation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and coma. If metal carbonyls have been released, there may be complaints of irritation of the eyes, mucous membrane, and respiratory system. Inflammation of lung tissue (pneumonitis) caused by metal carbonyls can may be delayed 12-36 hours. They may also cause injury to the liver, kidneys, and lungs as well as degenerative changes in the central nervous system. 

Mutant Tbce mice. Progressive motor neuropathy (PMN), an autosomal recessive murine disease, manifests as weakness beginning within a few weeks of birth [14, 136]. These mice are homozygous for a Trp 524 Gly substitution of Tbce (tubulin-specific chaperone E), localized to mouse chromosome 13 [14]. Tbce mRNA is present in neurons in the spinal cord. Degenerative changes are conspicuous in motor axons, and ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerves of PMN mice disclose reduced numbers of microtubules in these axons. Mutations of the highly conserved Trp524 residue, which appears to influence... 

Pathology. The earliest degenerative changes in PD occur in structures outside of the basal ganglia [4], in the olfactory bulb, and brainstem structures, such as the dorsal... 

In the rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), toxicity of copper at high concentrations is due to the coagulatory action on cellular proteins and to interference with respiratory processes at low concentrations, copper causes degenerative changes in certain tissues and interferes with glutathione equilibrium (Hubschman 1967). Larvae of the red crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) exposed to copper as embryos are less sensitive than those exposed after hatching, suggesting acclimatization (Rice and Harrison 1983). 

GUINEA PIG, Cavia spp. Males exposed daily for 90 days to 67 mg/kg BW through dermal painting Mild degenerative changes in skin and testes (WHO 1984)... 

L. macrochirus 100 Liver histopathology after 32 days degenerative changes detectable after 2 days 44... 

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