Studies Review

Summary of Clinical Studies Measuring Ischemia-Modified Albumin by the Albumin-Cobalt Binding Test 

Reference Setting Number of patients NPV for ischemia PPV for ischemia Outcome measure Type of study 

Bar-Or, 2001 [8] PTCA 54 NA NA Change in albumin-cobalt binding assay value after procedure Prospective enrollment 

Bhagavan, 2003 [10] ACS 167 91% 92% Final diagnosis of ischemia Retrospective enrollment 

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For particles, the maximum field intensity occurs at the particle surface and decays inversely with distance. This highly nonuniform field allows greater surface charge densities before breakdown takes place, depending on the curvature of the particle surface. Empirical studies reviewed in [18] ... 

In order to establish safe values for velocity-diameter product, various studies have been made to determine the minimum liquid surface potential that will result in an incendive discharge in the presence of a grounded electrode. Studies reviewed in [8] showed that for credible charging conditions, liquids must be negatively charged to yield incendive bmsh discharges. The consensus has been that to avoid incendive discharges the maximum liquid... 

The Weibull distribution will again find application in tlie case study reviewed in Section 21.6. 

Studies of die structures of cuprate species were initiated to elucidate die niedi-anisnis by wbidi tliey interact witli substrates and to understand dieit special reactivities. tn die early days tliese investigaiions were restricted to solution studies by spectroscopic tediniques. It was not until 1982 dial tlie dtst example of a cuprate species - [iCu Pbi-jiLiiTHFj))] - was stiuctutally diatacterlzed by X-tay crystal stiucture deterniination [ 100] ivide infra). It sbotild be noted tliat most of diese studies, reviewed previously [29, 45, 101], were limited to "simple" alkyl and aryl derivatives. 

We have grown single crystals with compositions of ll - 54 at% Al, Ti - 56 at% A1 and Ti - 58 at% Al, and made a systematic study on their structure and deformation. In this paper we present the results of the systematic study reviewing some relevant previous studies. 

The approach taken in the development of an analytical model for the combustion of double-base propellants has been based on the decomposition behavior of the two principal propellant ingredients, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. The results of several studies reviewed by Huggett (HI2) and Adams (Al) show that nitrocellulose undergoes exothermic decomposition between 90° and 175°C. In this temperature range, the rate of decomposition follows the simple first-order expression... 

The remaining studies reviewed in this section are concerned with gas-liquid mass transfer for single bubbles or bubble swarms in clear liquids. 

The diet of the 19 century residents of Upper Canada was determined from historical sources and was reproduced in order to carry out chemical analysis. Stable carbon isotope analysis of food and human bone demonstrates that the spacing between the food eaten and the bone collagen is around 5.6%o. The value may vary slightly from this estimate since the latter is based on a reconstructed diet and a large number of bone samples, which exhibit a small amount of variation. Nevertheless, this empirically derived result agrees well with estimates from field (Vogel 1978), and laboratory studies (reviewed in Ambrose 1993). 

CCR5 expression likely plays a role in T-cell recruitment and may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. There is a negative association between the CCR5A32 mutation and rheumatoid arthritis (Prahalad 2006). Furthermore, additional studies reviewed elsewhere suggest the involvement of CCR5 in multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and transplant rejection (Ribeiro and Horuk 2005). As such, it is likely that CCR5 antagonists developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection can also be used for other diseases. 

However, intervention trials investigating the effects of P-carotene and lycopene supplementation on CVD have not reported convincing results (Table 3.1.3). Among the seven studies reviewed herein, four primary prevention trials, namely the Multicenter Skin Cancer Prevention Study, the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, the ATBC cancer prevention study, " and the Physicians Health Study have shown no association between a supplementation of P-carotene and risk of death from CVD or fatal and non-fatal MI. 

The results of behavioral studies reviewed are summarized in table 3. It is clear that a neurotoxic regimen of METH produced tolerance to the effects of subsequent injections of METH on either conditioned or unconditioned behaviors. The regimen of METH produced long-lasting depletions of DA in each of these studies. Similarly, repeated administration of fenfluramine also produced decreases in 5-HT and tolerance to the anorectic effects of fenfluramine. Repeated administration of MDMA to rats performing a DRL schedule resulted in sensitization to the effects of MDMA. This latter finding is interpreted as being due to the effects, MDMA on DA release, in... 

The results of the studies reviewed here show that the neurotoxic effects of MDMA generalize to the primate. Further, they indicate that monkeys are considerably more sensitive than rats to the serotonin-depleting effects of MDMA, and that the dose-response curve of MDMA in the monkey is much steeper than in the rat. Perhaps as a consequence of this, the toxic effects of MDMA in the monkey involve serotonergic nerve fibers as well as cell bodies, whereas in the rat, only nerve fibers are affected. The present studies also show that the toxic dose of MDMA in the monkey... 

FIG. 2 Structures of the probe molecules used iu the studies reviewed. 

The most interesting aspects of the studies reviewed here are that the drugs having discriminative stimulus properties similar to PCP also produce ipsilateral turning and that this behavior is well correlated with both affinity for the PCP/sigma receptor and the ability to inhibit the effects of NMDA on transmitter release in the striatum. Although inhibition of NMDA-induced DA release was... 

The results of these studies, when considered together and with the observational studies reviewed above, suggest that any significant effect of coffee on serum cholesterol levels is likely due to something other than caffeine content. 

Serum cholesterol responses to coffee or caffeine consumption in subgroups of the population may differ. For example, women may respond differently than men. The majority of clinical studies reviewed here... 

Polydispersity of molecular weights of heparin was recognized in early studies (reviewed in Refs. 9 and 183). However, the polyelectrolyte nature and heterogeneity of charge distribution have hampered accurate determinations of molecular-weight distribution. 

The author is most grateful to Profs. Harold Hart, Fumio Toda, and Edwin Weber for sharing their original ideas with him, for providing the compounds for structural interpretations, and for their encouragement and collaboration. The cooperation of Dr. Stephen Czerkez in the early stages of the study reviewed here is also appreciated. Special thanks are due to Mrs. Zafra Stein for her invaluable assistance. 

Developmental Effects. Evidence from human studies on congenital anomalies as an end point (Emhart et al. 1985, 1986 McMichael et al. 1986 Needleman et al. 1984) indicate no association between prenatal exposure to low levels of lead and the occurrence of major congenital anomalies. This conclusion is further supported by developmental toxicity studies conducted in rats and mice these studies provide no evidence that lead compounds (acetate or nitrate) are teratogenic when exposure is by natural routes (i.e., inhalation, oral, dermal). Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of lead compounds (acetate, chloride, or nitrate) into pregnant rats, mice, or hamsters, however, has produced malformations in several studies reviewed by EPA (1986a). 

As mentioned before, additives do not come out as contributing to life cycle impacts in any of the 110 case studies reviewed. From the above, it is clear that a straightforward LCA case study using a standard LCI database would indeed not show additives, because they are not present in these databases. The fact that the plastics data are aggregate data masks any omissions, implying it is possible that case study performers were unaware of it. For example the studies on (waste treatment) of plastic packaging [6-12], plastic cup studies [13,14] and some studies on automotive parts [15, 16] do not mention additives at all. 

The knowledge gathered so far consists of data based on a nonstandardized CNT material thus, all the studies reviewed in Table 7.1 have to be considered as isolated and not directly comparable experiments. In particular, from the divergent interpretation of the WST-1 assay output in two different studies, it is clear that a standardized CNT reference material used by all toxicologists is needed. It is also important to keep in mind that the employment of viability tests based on the... 

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a widespread analytical technique for the study of surfaces in materials science. Mostly used for elemental analyses and depth profiling, it is particularly relevant for many different fields of research including cultural heritage studies. Reviews of its use for the study of ancient glasses or metal artefacts already exist in the literature [Spoto 2000, Darque-Ceretti and Aucouturier 2004, Dowsett and Adriaens 2004, Adriens and Dowsett 2006, Anderle et al. 2006, McPhail 2006], but as only elemental information is obtained, these studies are limited to inorganic materials. 

The second high-temperature study reviewed in Section 2 (Ichimiya and Furuichi, 1968) employed the radioactivity of tritium (3H) as a tool for measuring its uptake and retention in silicon wafers. This study yielded... 

The studies reviewed above focused on constructs that closely relate to DSM syndromes. However, the field of eating disorders is more complex. For example, Tylka and Subich (2003) emphasized a distinction between behavioral or symptomatic indicators, such as binging and purging, and... 

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