Atropine sulfate

Dialkylphosphorochloridates, (R0)2P(=0)C1, react with trialkyl phosphate esters to give organic pyrophosphates. Organopyrophosphates are anticholinesterase agents and should be handled with great caution (16). Atropine sulfate is a specific antidote. 

Gastrointestinal Anticholinergic Combinations Antrocol Elixir—atropine sulfate, phenobarbital, alcohol Barbidonna—atropine, scopolamine HBr, hyoseyamine sulfate, phenobarbital... 

Formulation(s) tabl. 2.5 mg (comb, with 0.025 mg atropine sulfate)... 

Potential oscillation was measured in the presence of cholinergic agents (acetylcholine chloride, carbamylcholine chloride, carbamyl- d-methylcholine chloride, and acetyl-/6-methylcholine chloride) and anticholinergic agents (tetramethylammonium chloride, tetra-ethylammonium chloride, succinylcholine chloride, hexamethonium chloride, scopolamine hydrobromide, atropine sulfate, homatropine hydrochloride, and tubocurarine chloride)... 

FIG. 18 Chemical structures of (a) acetylcholine chloride, (b) carbamylcholine chloride, (c) carba-myl-y8-methylcholine chloride, (d) acetyl-/i-methylcholine chloride, (e) tetramethylammonium chloride, (f) tetraethylamonium chloride, (g) succinylcholine chloride, (h) hexamethonium chloride, (i) scopolamine hydrobromide, 0 atropine sulfate, (k) homatropine hydrochloride, and (1) tubocurar-ine chloride. 

Contac 12-hour capsules Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, atropine sulfate, scopolamine hydrobromide, hyoscyamine sulfate SmithKline Consumer Products... 

Pharmacologically, carbofuran inhibits cholinesterase, resulting in stimulation of the central, parasympathetic, and somatic motor systems. Sensitive biochemical tests have been developed to measure cholinesterase inhibition in avian and mammalian brain and plasma samples and are useful in the forensic assessment of carbamate exposure in human and wildlife pesticide incidents (Bal-lantyne and Marrs Hunt and Hooper 1993). Acute toxic clinical effects resulting from carbofuran exposure in animals and humans appear to be completely reversible and have been successfully treated with atropine sulfate. However, treatment should occur as soon as possible after exposure because acute carbofuran toxicosis can be fatal younger age groups of various species are more susceptible than adults (Finlayson et al. 1979). Carbofuran labels indicate that application is forbidden to streams, lakes, or ponds. In addition, manufacturers have stated that carbofuran is poisonous if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Users are cautioned not to breathe carbofuran dust, fumes, or spray mist and treated areas should be avoided for at least 2 days (Anonymous 1971). Three points are emphasized at this juncture. First, some carbofuran degradation... 

Accidental overdose (usually Atropine sulfate is recommended antidote double-dosed), 60 mg/kg BW LABORATORY WHITE RAT, Rattus sp. Dermal Single application, mg/kg BW 23... 

Fenvalerate toxicity is antagonized by atropine sulfate or methocarbamol, which may be effective in treating severe cases of poisoning (Hiromori et al. 1986). Conversely, some compounds exacerbate the toxicity of fenvalerate and interfere with a desired use. Domestic cats (Felis domes-ticus) treated with Fendeet (an aerosol mixture of fenvalerate and A-A-diethyl-m-toluamide) to control fleas and ticks sometimes show signs of toxicosis, such as tremors, hypersalivation, ataxia, vomiting, depression, and seizures. Signs usually appeared within hours of topical application, and females and juveniles seem to be the most sensitive groups. The demonstrated ability of N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide to enhance the dermal absorption of fenvalerate is the probable cause of toxicosis (Dorman et al. 1990). 

Efficacy of oximes grows up, when they are combined with atropine sulfate. HI-6 reserves for itself superiority over other H-oximes. 

H-oximes used in combination with atropine sulfate against a background of the intramuscular or inhalation administration of soman are able to protect animals (dogs, monkeys) from 4-5 DL50 of this poison [9],... 

The antidotic complex of atropine (0.1% solution of atropine sulfate in 1.0-ml ampoules) and carboxime (15% injection solution in 1.0-ml ampoules) is proposed as a basic antidotic means aimed at the usage for the OPC destruction. 

ATROPINE SULFATE INJECTION USP0.1MG/CC 10ML BOTTLE 10 PER BOX 6505010946196 BX 30.58 ... 

Despite the gastrointestinal absorption characteristics discussed above, it is common for absorption from the alimentary tract to be facilitated by dilution of the toxicant. Borowitz et al. (1971) have suggested that the concentration effects they observed in atropine sulfate, aminopyrine, sodium salicylate, and sodium pentopar-bital were due to a combination of rapid stomach emptying and the large surface area for absorption of the drugs. 

Explain how would you weigh gr ss of atropine sulfate on a prescription balance with a sensitivity requirement of 10 mg. 

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