Chain lubricants

In order for a plasticizer to enter a polymer stmcture the polymer should be highly amorphous. Crystalline nylon retains only a small quantity of plasticizer if it retains its crystallinity. Once it has penetrated the polymer the plasticizer fills free volume and provides polymer chain lubrication, increa sing rotation and movement. 

Lubrication. The primary purpose of chain lubrication is to maintain a Film of oil between the bearing surfaces in the joints, thus assuring maximum operating efficiency. This clean oil film must be maintained at all load-carrying points where relative motion occurs, that is, between the pin and bushing on the chain, and the chain and wheel sprocket teeth. Table 3-17 gives some recommended methods for various speeds. 

Applications Industrial chain lubrication bottle, can, container... 

Barnes, C. (March 2005) Improving chain lubrication. Machinery Lubrication Magazine. 

SLA. [Acheson Colloids] Colloidal mo-lybdenum disulfide, graphite, or PTFE lubricant additive fw gear oils, engipe oils, chain lubricants, aerosols, machine oils, greases. 

A plasticizer is a substance that is incorporated into a rigid plastic to increase its flexibility, workability, and extensibility. By reducing the glass transition temperature and increasing chain lubricity, plasticizers also improve processing and extrusion characteristics, reduce the minimum required processing temperature, reduce hardness, and improve low temperature flexibility. 

CAS 56863-02 EINECS/ELINCS 260410-2 Uses Vise, builder, emulsifier (invert), lubricant, corrosion inhibitor for use in sol. oils, cutting fluids, textile and chain lubricants vise, builder and conditioner in shampoos, bubble baths, etc. invert emulsifier for min. oil in creams and lotions food pkg. adhesives, coatings, textiles defoamer in food-contact paper/paperb d RegiMory FDA 21 CFR 172.710,175.105,175.300,176.210,177.2260, 177.2800,178.3120 DOT nonregulated Properties Lt. amber vise, liq. sol. or disp. in most soivs. and oils disp. in water sp.gr. 0.99 g/ml b.p. > 300 F acid no. 1.0 max. flash pt. (COC) > 300 F pH 8.0-11.0 (1% in DW) nonionic 100% cone. 

Chem. Descrip. Modified tall oil DEA (1 1), water-based CAS 68153-57-1 EINECS/ELINCS 268-949-5 Uses Corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, and emulsifier for syn. metalworking fluids, sol. and emulsifiable oils, chain lubricants, protective coating oils, rolling oils, emulsion cleaners, oil well drilling, water/min. oil coolants in resin-bonded filters for food contact Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 177.2260 DOT nonregulated Properties Dk. amber liq. sol. in most soivs. oils disp. in water sp.gr. 1.0 g/ml b.p. > 300 F acid no. 5.0-15.0 flash pt. (PMCC) > 200 F pH 8.5-10.5 (1% in DVV) anionic/nonionic 100% cone. 

Chem. Descrip. Dimethylol urea CAS 140-95-4 EINECS/ELINCS 205-444-0 Uses Biocide, disinfectant for hospital use preservative in paints, chain lubricants, polymer and wax dispersions fungicidal treatment for paper glues, pigment slurries Regulatory MITI, BGA approved Properties 99% act. 

Chem. Descrip. Glutaraldehyde CAS 111-30-8 EINECS/ELINCS 203-856-5 Uses Biocide, preservative for aq. systems and cleaners disinfectant in industrial water treatment, incl. paper prod., cooling towers, heat exchangers, oil recovery, and sugar refining food pkg. adhesives, paper food-contact slimicide preservative for chain lubricants, detergents, paper... 

Uses Emulsifier in hard-surf, cleaners emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor in sol. cutting oils corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, emulsifier, detergent for syn. coolants, chain lubricants, emulsion cleaners surfactant for pharmaceuticals antistat, vise, control agent in cosmetics in food-pkg. adhesives defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in food-con-tact textiles... 

Uses Surfactant in cosmetics emulsifier for cleaning agents and metal cooling liqs. chain lubricant lime soap dispersant Trade Name Synonyms Akypo RO 50 [Kao Corp. http //www. kao. co.jp]... 

Tetramethylnonyl thiodipropionate. See Ditridecyl thiodipropionate Tetramethylolacetylene diurea CAS 5395-50-6 EINECS/ELINCS 226-408-0 Synonyms 1,3,4,6-Tetrakis hydroxymethyl tetrahydro imidazo (4,5-D) imidazole-2,5-dione Empiricai C8H14N4O6 Properties M.w. 262.22 Uses Biocide, disinfectant for veterinary preps. preservative for chain lubricants Manuf./Distrib. Salor... 

Methyl hydroxyethylcellulose Myristamine PEG-10 oleate emulsifier, chain lubricants Tallamide DEA emulsifier, cheeses Potassium metaphosphate emulsifier, chemical industry Cl 3-15 pareth-5 Cl 3-15 pareth-12 PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine PEG-7 tallow aminopropylamlne PEG-12 tallow aminopropylamine... 

PPG-17 PPG-30 Xanthan gum lubricant, ceramics extrusion Isotridecyl stearate lubricant, chain Oleth-6 carboxylic acid lubricant, chain lubricants Tallamide DEA lubricant, chain saws Laurate canola oil lubricant, chemical tech, prods. 

The formulation of chain/conveyor lubricants is very complex due to various requirements placed on these products. The primary function of a conveyor lubricant is to reduce friction between the chain/conveyor and its support. The reduction of friction between the chain/conveyor and the container is a secondary requirement of such products. Added to this, the chain lubricant needs to be formulated to provide both detergency, and in many cases, biocidal functions, in order to maintain the processing plants chains in a sanitary condition. 

The second class is the soap-less lubricants, with these being based on a growing list of surfactant types. The most common ones used today are the phosphate esters and cationic-based chain lubes recently, polyalkylphoglucosides have been added to this list. Phosphate-ester-based chain lubricants have had limited use due to legislative restrictions in certain regions. 

However, the cationic-based chain lubricants are now being used more extensively in today s market. 

Several classes of cationic surfactant have found utility in chain lubricants as the active component these include amines, diamines, polyamines, etheramines and the acetate salts of the various amine types shown in Figure 14.31. 

The use of amine chemistry in this application was first developed as an additive to traditional soap-type formulations, where it was found that the lubricity of the fatty acid soap was enhanced. This resulted in the use of fatty amines alone as lubricants without any fatty acids being present. However, simple fatty amines had limited use in this particular field due to their interactions with carbonates, phosphates and sulfates in certain water supplies, thus leading to the formation of insoluble salts. However, it was found the latter could be avoided by using diamines and polyamines (and their salts) in the same formulations. A typical polyamine chain lubricant formulation is shown in Figure 14.32. Examples of the chemistries included under polyamines as chain lubricants include diamines, etherdiamines, triamines and tetramines, with chain lengths of Cn-ig. The acid that is most commonly used to neutralize the polyamine is acetic acid, although other acid types can also be used. The hydrotropes used in this type of formulation can include glycols and alcohols. The... 

Figure 14.31. Structures of some typical cationic surfactants which are used as chain lubricants...

Figure 14.32. Typical formulation of a soap-less, polyamine-based chain lubricant concentrate...

Traditionally, the oleyl diamines used in this particular application should have an Iodine Value (IV) of above 70 g I2 per 100 g. Lower IVs can result in chain lubricant formulation stability issues, which could lead to sediment in the final application, hence resulting in blocked spray nozzles. Many of the recent developments in cationic-surfactant-based chain lubricants have been a consequence of improving formulation stability and PET compatibility via the development of polyamine formulations and etherdiamine formulations. 

Cationic surfactants can also be used as functional additives in traditional chain lubricant formulations, including biocides, stress-craze inhibitors and coupling agents. As mentioned above, the first use of alkylamines in chain lubricants was as an additive in a traditional, soap-based formulation to improve the stability of the system. Ethoxylated amines have also been employed as coupling agents in an alkaline diamine track lubricant, while tertiary amines have found utility as saponifying agents in traditional, soap-based chain formulations. 

The use of cationic surfactants in chain lubricant formulations for biocidal action can be split... 

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