Disinfectant cleaners

Two other approaches to disinfectancy are less commonly used. Contrary to the usual alkaline pH of household cleaners, some products are at acid pH, because their formula is said to depend 

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Trisodium phosphate is strongly alkaline many of its appHcations depend on this property. For example, many heavy-duty cleaning compositions contain trisodium phosphate as a primary alkalinity source. The crystalline dodecahydrate itself is marketed as a cleaning compound and paint remover. Traditionally, trisodium phosphate has been used in water softening to remove polyvalent metal ions by precipitation as insoluble phosphates. Because the hypochlorite complex of trisodium phosphate provides solutions that are strongly alkaline and contain active chlorine, it is used in disinfectant cleaners, scouring powders, and automatic dishwashing formulations. 

The largest use of calcium hypochlorite is for water treatment. It is also used for I I and household disinfectants, cleaners, and mildewcides. Most of the household uses have been limited to in-tank toilet bowl cleaners. In areas where chlorine cannot be shipped or is otherwise unavailable, calcium hypochlorite is used to bleach textiles in commercial laundries and textile mills. It is usually first converted to sodium hypochlorite by mixing it with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and removing the precipitated calcium carbonate. Or, it can be dissolved in the presence of sufficient sodium tripolyphosphate to prevent the precipitation of calcium salts. However, calcium hypochlorite is not usually used to bleach laundry and textiles because of problems with insoluble inorganic calcium salts and precipitation of soaps and anionic detergents as their calcium salts. 

The use of chlorinated trisodium phosphate is declining. It has been largely replaced by chlorinated isocyanurates in powdered abrasive cleansers and automatic dishwash detergents to reduce cost, improve performance, or comply with restrictions on the use of phosphates. Some chlorinated trisodium phosphate is stiU used in commercial laundries and in disinfectant cleaners. 

Oral, dermal, and combined oral-dermal exposures are the most likely routes by which children will be exposed to phenol. Oral exposure to low levels of phenol among children is likely because many consumer products contain phenol, particularly in medicines such as gargles, tooth drops, throat lozenges, ointments, and others (Douglas 1972 EPA 1980). Products other than medicines that contain phenols include general disinfectants, cleaners, and epoxies. 

Halogen a ted Hydantoins. These are stable solids with limited use as bleaches. They dissolve too slowly to use in household laundry and automatic dishwashing. l,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin [118-52-5] (3) is sold with 65—75% available chlorine. It is used as a bleach in hospital and other industrial laundries and in disinfectant cleaners. Some l-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin [6079-88-2] is also used. It is a more effective bleach and disinfectant at lower temperatures and higher alkalinities than l,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin because it hydrolyzes to hypobromite. 

As disinfectant cleaners are being used throughout the home (as all-purpose cleaners), the inclusion of characteristics such as low streaking (important for cleaning shiny surfaces) is also being claimed in antimicrobial formulations [170,171],... 

However, disinfectant household cleaners are also more likely now to be mentioned in newspaper and magazine articles as contributing to the problems of antibiotic-resistant bacteria these tend to be reports in the popular press where all antimicrobial products tend to be mentioned, despite no demonstrated scientific link between the household cleaner disinfectants and the problem [172-174], As noted, disinfectant cleaners continue to have popularity, but given some of the trends in microbial control issues, they may be either more heavily regulated or limited in the future. 

More cleaners will be targeted in the future at controlling environmental health situations like allergens. This is a natural development of the ever increasing disinfection cleaner trend. It is also extremely topical given the subliminal concern over bio-warfare threats such as the anthrax scare of 2001 to 2002 in the U.S. and the global outbreak of SARS in 2003. 

Penetize. [Penetone] Disinfectant cleaner, deodorizer, firngidde, vitudde. 

Penetone DC. [Penetone] Quaternary-based disinfectant cleaner, deodorizer, fungicide, sanitizer. 

Savopine. [West Chem. Prods.] Disinfectant, cleaner, deodorant... 

Disinfectant Cleaner (a) Liquid Concentrate with Phosphate... 

Rhodaquat. [Rhone-Poulenc France] Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides cationic emulsifier, dispersant bactericide for instituting disinfectant cleaners, swimmmg pod algi-cides, loileiries, medcated soaps dye... 

Chem. Descrip. Low-rosin grade fatty acid derived from tall oil Uses Surfactant raw material for mfg. of emulsifiers used in disinfectants, cleaners, detergents, air-drying and baking alkyds, gloss oils and varnishes, toy enamels, metallic driers, core oils, masonry cements, flotation reagents, metal cleaners Regulatory FDA approved... 

Peak numbers 1 = Cj, 2 = Cj hydrocarbons G-5 Disinfectant cleaner product... 

Uses Surfactant for l l/household cleaning, cooling tower cleaners, disinfectant cleaners, metalworking fluids, electroplating, PU foam for orthopedic uses emulsifier in cosmetics... 

Synonyms Nonylphenoxypolyethyleneoxy ethanol-iodine complex Formuia (C2H40)n C15H24O xb Toxicoiogy LD50 (oral, rat) 2100 mg/kg mod. toxic by ing. TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of r Uses Antimicrobial, disinfectant cleaner in topical pharmaceuticals Regulatory FDA approved for topicals Trade Name Synonyms Bio-Surf 1-20 [Lonza http //WWW. lonza. com]... 

Disodium cocamido MEA-sulfosuccinate Lauramidopropyl betaine Sodium coco-glucoside tartrate surfactant, disinfectant cleaners Capryleth-9 carboxylic acid surfactant, disinfection Didecyidimonium bromide Laurylamine dipropylenediamine surfactant, drilling oils Talloweth-25... 

One advantage of this form is that the disinfectant is used at the concentration intended by the formulator. When the disinfectant cleaner is a dilutable, effective disinfection depends on the consumer making the dilution or using the product at the dilution recommended by the formulator. Consumers are... 

Household cleaners are generally used on every hard surface in the home except for dishes. In this chapter, the discussion concentrates on specialty cleaners that are formulated for specific cleaning problems, whereas all-purpose cleaners and their variants are covered in Chapter 2. This means that most of this chapter will be spent discussing cleaners used in the bathroom—such as soap scum cleaners, mildew removers, and toilet bowl cleaners. Additionally, there are cleaners that are used for extremely narrow use, such as oven and drain cleaners. Disinfectant cleaners as variants of all-purpose cleaning were covered in the previous chapter, but will also be covered here with the emphasis on the disinfectant action rather than on the cleaning function. 

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