Cellulose nitrate resins

Cellulose nitrate resin Poly(aryl ether)... 

Cellulose acetate resin Cellulose-acetate-propionate resin Cellulose-acetate-butyrate resin Cellulose nitrate resin Ethyl cellulose resin Rayon... 

Used as a plasticizing agent for cellulose acetate butyrate. Used in die production of food contact cellulose nitrate resins, ethyl cellulose resins, PMMA resins, and polyvinyl acetate. 

Alcohol resins, polyvinyl Alkyd resins Allyl resins Butadiene copolymers, containing less than 50 percent butadione Carbohydrate plastics Casein plastics Cellulose nitrate resins Cellulose propionate (plastics) Coal tar resins Condensation plastics Coumarone-iodene resins Cresol resins Cresol-furfural resins Dicyandiamine resins Diisocyanate resins Elastomers, nonvulcanizable (plastics)... 

Ethylene glycol monolsobutyl ether is a high boiling ether solvent for alkyd phenolic, malic, epoxy, alcohol-soluble butyrate, and ethyl cellulose nitrate resins. 

The first set of entries in Table 17.2 are sorted in ascending order for the column containing resin number one, cellulose nitrate resin. All four nitroalkanes and another solvent, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone, gave JR values in the range of 4.5-7.9 and thus are expected to be fairly good solvents for cellulose nitrate resin. The solvents listed as having JR values of greater than 10 are expected to be poor solvents for cellulose nitrate. The second set of... 

CH3CH(0H)C(0)0Et. A colourless liquid with a pleasant odour, b.p. 154 C. Manufactured by distilling a mixture of ( )-lactic acid, ethanol and benzene in the presence of a little sulphuric or benzenesulphonic acid. It is a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate and also for various resins. Used as a lacquer solvent. 

Glycerol ct-dichlorohydrin, sym-dichloroiso-propyl alcohol, 1,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypropane, CH2CI-CHOH-CH2C1. Colourless liquid with an ethereal odour b.p. 174-175" C. Prepared by passing dry HCl into glycerin containing 2% elhanoic acid at 100-1 lO C. Converted to x-epichlorohydrin by K.OH, Used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and resins. 

Properties molding resin, molding cellulose nitrate polyether reinforced filled... 

One principal use of cyclohexanol has been in the manufacture of esters for use as plasticizers (qv), ie, cyclohexyl and dicyclohexyl phthalates. In the finishes industry, cyclohexanol is used as a solvent for lacquers, shellacs, and varnishes. Its low volatiUty helps to improve secondary flow and to prevent blushing. It also improves the miscibility of cellulose nitrate and resin solutions and helps maintain homogeneity during drying of lacquers. Reaction of cyclohexanol with ammonia produces cyclohexylamine [108-91-8], a corrosion inhibitor. Cyclohexanol is used as a stabilizer and homogenizer for soaps and synthetic detergent emulsions. It is used also by the textile industry as a dye solvent and kier-boiling assistant (see Dye carriers). 

There was significant interest in developing commercial processes based on phenolic resins in the 1890-1910 era. By this time, cellulose nitrate, vulcanized rubber, and viscose rayon had all found places in commerce [24]. Smith patented processes for manufacture of commercially useful molded articles from phenolic in 1899-1900 [2,25-28]. His products were made with phenol, paraldehyde (2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane) or parafonnaldehyde, and additives in the presence of HCl at elevated temperatures. 

Whereas GALDI-MS detects low molecular weight synthetic resins, common synthetic polymers, such as various acrylic polymers, polystyrene, and cellulose nitrate, did not produce any mass spectra using this method. 

Cellulose- acetate butyrate resin, molding Cellulose-acetate propionate resin, molding Ethyl cellulose Cellulose nitrate ... 

Audemars produced the first fibre in 1855 while experimenting with cellulose nitrate solution in either alcohol mixture. Hughes obtained a patent for making like thread from starch thickened with glue and resins, by about the sometime. 

Non-drying oil resins are soluble only in Aromatic hydrocarbons. They are used with amino resins for stoving finishes for appliances. Medium resins are used as plasticisers for cellulose nitrate. Along with natural oils several natural occurring and synthetic acid like resin (abiotic acid) pelargonic acid and isooctanoic acid are added to modify alkye resins. The alkyd resins are obtained by two processes, i.e., (1) Fatty Acid Process and (2) Alcoholysis process. 

Several other resins can be blended with alkyd resins to introduce desired improvement in properties, e. g. cellulose nitrate, chlorinated rubber, phenolics, amino resins or silicons oils. Vinyl monomers like styrene can be added to alkyd resins along with initiator to get a tougher resin with shorter drying times and lighter colour. 

Subsequent tests in which small portions of these undiluted liquid amines and dried cellulose nitrate linters were contacted (with a little added butyl acetate for the solid phenol) under various conditions, gave ignition with the first 3 amines, and exotherms to 110°C with foaming decomposition for the remaining 4. Other amine resin components showed slight or no exotherms in either test [2], Contact of cellulose nitrate with a little butylamine caused explosive reaction [3]. 

Uses Preparation of butyl esters (e.g., butyl acetate, di-n-butyl phthalate), glycol ethers solvent for waxes, resins, gums, and varnishes hydraulic fluid ingredient in perfumes and flavors additive in deicing fluids polishes, floor cleaners, stain removers, and in some gasolines (antiicing) diluent for brake fluids humectant for cellulose nitrate. 

What was the first synthetic plastic Although some nineteenth-century experiments should be mentioned, such as the 1869 molding process for cellulose nitrate discovered by John and Isaiah Hyatt, probably the first major breakthrough came in 1910 with Leo Baekeland s discovery of phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite ). These are still the leading thermoset plastics made today. The pioneering work of Wallace Carothers at Du Pont in 1929 produced the nylons now used primarily as fibers but known as the beginning of thermoplastic resin technology. 

Urea-formaldehyde resins Cellulose nitrate automobile lacquers Cellulose acetate fibers Alkyd polyester (Kienle)... 

Acetoacet-4-phenetidide, 5.9, 680 atomised almninimn, 5.7, >1.36kbar/s aluminium flake, 8.6, >1.36kbar/s almninimn-cobalt alloy, 6.25, 748 aluminium-magnesium alloy, 5.85, 680 almninimn-nickel alloy, 6.5, 680 aluminium stearate, 5.85, 680 benzoic acid, 6.85, 700 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 5.5, 803 calcimn silicide, 5.85, 1.36 kbar/s calcimn stearate, 6.6, >680 cellulose nitrate, >17.4, >1.42 kbar/s 2-chlorobenzyfidenemalononitrile, 6.1, >680 comnarone-indene resin, 6.3, 748. 

Butanol, which at one time was an unwanted by-product in the preparation of acetone, is now the most important product of the fermentation. The building of a large new factory in Puerto Rico using 10,000 tons of molasses per annum for its production is an indication of this importance. Butanol is probably still the best solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Dibutyl phthalate is certainly the most widely used plasticizer for synthetic resins, and butyl oleate, tributyl citrate and dibutyl tartrate have also been described as plasticizers. Another important use of butanol is as a source of butadiene, which serves as an intermediate in the conversion of sucrose into a synthetic rubber. Although in recent years other methods have been described for the preparation of butanol (for example, from ethyl alcohol and from acetylene), yet the fermentation of carbohydrates is still the cheapest process. 

Two methods of prepn are listed in Ref 3 a)By esterification of lactic acid with ethanol and b)By combining acetaldehyde with hydrocyanic. acid to form acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, and this is treated wi th ethanol HC1 to ethyl lactate. Used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, other cellulose esters, resins, lacquers, paints and enamels Refs l)Beil 3, 264, 267, 280,(102,109) ... 

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