Stain remover

The characteristics of interior paints that require testing and analysis include hiding and appearance, package stabiHty, adhesion, spatter resistance, flow and leveling, color and sheen uniformity, touch-up, stain removal, burnish resistance, and block and print resistance. A popular test that assesses the wet abrasion resistance of an interior paint is to measure its scmb resistance. A mechanical device is used to scmb a paint film of a specified thickness with a standard bmsh and abrasive cleanser suspension. The number of scmb cycles (back and forth movements of the weighted bmsh) at various end points (first cut through, or 50% removal of the film) is then recorded. Scmb resistance usually holds steady or decreases slightly as PVC is increased, but drops quickly once the CPVC is exceeded in a paint formulation. 

Soil may include material that is soluble in the bath, such as encmsted sugar residues and moleculady dispersed material such as fmit juice stains. Removal of these soils is an important aspect of cleaning but is not generally considered in discussions of detergency. 

Rost-feuer, n. grate fire, -flache, /. grate surface. -fleck, m. rust spot, iron spot, -flecken-wasser, n. rust stain remover, rostfleckig, a. rust-spotted, rust-stained. Rostfrass, m. corrosion (of metals), rostfrei, a..rust-free stainless. 

Learning the chemistry that has direct application in everyday life for example, understanding why stain-removers work in particular contexts ... 

C17-0116. Oxalic acid, a diprotic carboxylic acid found in many plants, including rhubarb, is an effective stain remover. Consider the following diagram to be a small section of an aqueous solution of oxalic acid ... 

Figure 10.21 Relative stain removal after 60 min bleaching at 60 °C [233] 6.5 x 10 3 mol/l hydrogen peroxide in buffer solution. Relative share (%) of the protolytic forms of hydrogen peroxide in the total amount at 60 °C ( 0-0 negligible in this range)...

Figure 10.22 Effect of increasing hydroquinone concentration on the relative stain removal after 60 min at pH 10.5 [233]...

Stainless steels Alloy 2C cast and wrought in galvanic series, 7 805t Stainless steel surgical needles, 24 206 Stain removal... 

Uses Manufacture of acetate rayon, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetyl compounds, cellulose acetates, chloroacetic acid, ethyl alcohol, ketene, methyl ethyl ketone, vinyl acetate, plastics and rubbers in tanning laundry sour acidulate and preservative in foods printing calico and dyeing silk solvent for gums, resins, volatile oils and other substances manufacture of nylon and fiber, vitamins, antibiotics and hormones production of insecticides, dyes, photographic chemicals, stain removers latex coagulant textile printing. 

Uses Preparation of butyl esters (e.g., butyl acetate, di-n-butyl phthalate), glycol ethers solvent for waxes, resins, gums, and varnishes hydraulic fluid ingredient in perfumes and flavors additive in deicing fluids polishes, floor cleaners, stain removers, and in some gasolines (antiicing) diluent for brake fluids humectant for cellulose nitrate. 

Uses Solvent for naphthalene, waxes, fats, oils, resins, rubbers motor fuel and lubricants cleaning machinery substitute for turpentine shoe-creams stain remover. 

Uses. Solvent stain remover chemical intermediate fumigant... 

Starch, fats and proteins cause ugly stains in textile. However, imder the influence of the right enzymes these disappear as snow for the sun. Already for decades detergent manufacturers tried to further refine the concept of enzymatic stain removal. Currently enzyme engineers and biotechnologists work together to develop more ideal detergent enzymes. 

Chelants in bleach-activated powder laundry detergents have a number of key roles to play - bleach stabilization, dye and fabric protection, stain removal, and scale inhibition. 

Chelants can also aid stain removal by removing metal ions from stains to help lift the stain from the cloth and reduce the color of the stain. Additionally, chelants in combination with builders such as zeolite and phosphate bind with hardness ions to keep these in solution and prevent cloth graying, and in the case of phosphonates, also to prevent scale formation in the washing machine, which can lead to blockages and reduced machine performance. 

Wash performance is crucial for the consumer. Stain removal, anti-graying, and color stability with no dye transfer are all important, as these are visible parameters that inform the next purchase choice. Less visible is scale inhibition to protect the machine. The laundry market is highly competitive, so that although chelants are only a small part of the formulation, purchasers want to keep the cost of this part of a package to a minimum. As a result, they are generally only willing to pay a small premium for biodegradability of alternative chelants... 

EDDS and the three phosphonates were also compared for stain removal and dye damage in a full wash test in a washing machine using the same synthetic hard water. The results are summarized in Table 10.6 and showed that EDDS and DTPMP were comparable on stain removal followed by EDTMP, whereas HEDP gave very poor stain removal. On dye protection, EDDS clearly protected dyes better than DTPMP and EDTMP, whereas HEDP use resulted in significant amounts of dye damage. 

Chelant 30 min peracid release (%) Stain removal Dye protection Amount required for 60% after IS min (wt%)... 

Table 10.7 summarizes the application work. It was found that EDDS increased the peracid stability when used in combination with all three phosphonates, gave enhanced dye protection, and was roughly comparable on stain removal. The most surprising result was the EDDS-HEDP combination [38], which delivered the highest and most stable peracid release, best stain removal, and best dye protection despite the very poor performance of HEDP alone. This may be explained by the opposite preference of EDDS and HEDP for metal ions at alkaline pH. HEDP seems only to complex with hardness ions and this appears to increase the selectivity of E D D S for transition metal ions by reducing the hardness ions available to bind with EDDS. 

The illustration for laundry shows how this was applied to meet all the performance requirements for chelants and to offer enhanced peracid stability, stain removal, and dye protection, taking advantage of the strengths of different chelants... 

Hypochlorite Tub and Tile Cleaner and Mildew Stain Remover... 

By using Aerosol OT-100% Surfactant in dry cleaning solvent at a concentration of ca. 0.1 oz./gal. the soaps used as aids in watei—soluble stain removal can be replaced in the dry cleaning industry. In contrast to many soaps, Aerosol OT does not oxidize with consequent development of undesirabls odor upon aging. 

Nevertheless, several issues have still to be addressed and improved, such as the ability of the solvent mixture to dissolve polar and heavy compounds, the entire washing and rinsing cycle to maximize stain removal, the machine s cost compared to the conventional machines. 

Stain removal -by enzymes [ENZYME APPLICATIONS - INDUSTRIAL] (Vol9)... 

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