Cellulose acetate lacquer

Diacetin is chiefly the 1 3-diacelate CH3OOCCH3.CHOH.CH2OOCCH3. Used as plasticizer for cellulose acetate lacquers and as a solvent for basic dyes. 

Cellit, n. cellite (a cellulose acetate), cellonieren, v.t. treat with Cellon-Lack. Cellon-Lack, m. a cellulose acetate Lacquer. T. N. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, lacquers, vinyl resins, fats, oils, dyes, synthetic rubbers chemical intermediate propellant gasoline additive. 

He makes sure that his chemicals, especially the nitroethane, are of a good grade. Nitroethane is widely used in the paint and varnish industry as a solvent for cellulose acetate lacquers, vinyl resins, nitrocellulose, waxes and dyes. If he has the industrial grade, he first distills it before use. Benzaldehyde smells like bitter oil of almonds and should be clear. Benzaldehyde is used in flavorings and perfumes. 

Uses Solvent for camphor, dyes, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, lacquers, paints, varnish removers antifoam for aq. sol ns. Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aidrich.com Chemial SpA http //www.iachemiai.com Fluka http //www.sigma-aidrich. com See aiso Ethylene glycol diacetate... 

Isoamyl butyrate Phenoxyethanol plasticizer, cellulose acetate lacquers Dimethyl phthalate plasticizer, cellulose acetate, nitrate 2-Nitro-1,1 -biphenyl plasticizer, cellulose compounds N,N-Butyl benzene sulfonamide plasticizer, cellulose ester N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) benzenesulfonamide plasticizer, cellulose ester plastics Dihexyl phthalate... 

Acetate dope n. Term applied to cellulose acetate lacquers used for coating aircraft fabrics. 

Uses noncombustable substitute for camphor in celluloid plasticizer in plastics (cellulose acetate), lacquers, varnishes, etc. in... 

Cellulose acetate lacquers are tough and stable in the presence of light and heat. They also offer good resistance to oils and greases, and they are durable. However, these lacquers have poor solubility and compatibility, and this defect partially limits their usefulness. 

Uses. Diacetone alcohol is a widely used solvent in the coatings industry where it finds appHcation in hot lacquers which require high boiling components, and in bmshing lacquers where its mild odor, blush resistance, and flow-out properties are desired. Diacetone alcohol is also a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and epoxy resins. 

As solvents, the amyl alcohols are intermediate between hydrocarbon and the more water-miscible lower alcohol and ketone solvents. Eor example, they are good solvents and diluents for lacquers, hydrolytic fluids, dispersing agents in textile printing inks, industrial cleaning compounds, natural oils such as linseed and castor, synthetic resins such as alkyds, phenoHcs, urea —formaldehyde maleics, and adipates, and naturally occurring gums, such as shellac, paraffin waxes, rosin, and manila. In solvent mixtures they dissolve cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and ceUulosic ethers. 

The cellulose esters with the largest commercial consumption are cellulose acetate, including cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose acetate propionate. Cellulose acetate is used in textile fibers, plastics, film, sheeting, and lacquers. The cellulose acetate used for photographic film base is almost exclusively triacetate some triacetate is also used for textile fibers because of its crystalline and heat-setting characteristics. The critical properties of cellulose acetate as related to appHcation are given in Table 10. 

Low viscosity cellulose acetate is used in lacquers and protective coatings for paper, metal, glass, and other substrates and as an adhesive for cellulose photographic film because of its quick bonding rate and excellent bond peel strength (135) (see Coatings). Heat-sensitive adhesives for textiles have also been prepared from cellulose acetate (136). Extmded cellulose acetate film makes an excellent base for transparent pressure-sensitive tape (137) (see Adhesives). 

Cellulose acetate butyrates with high butyryl content and low viscosity are soluble in inexpensive lacquer solvents. They are widely used in lacquers for protective and decorative coatings appHed to automobiles and wood furniture. 

The most important of the esters is cellulose acetate. This material has been extensively used in the manufacture of films, moulding and extrusion compounds, fibres and lacquers. As with all the other cellulose polymers it has, however, become of small importance to the plastics industry compared with the polyolefins, PVC and polystyrene. In spite of their higher cost cellulose acetate-butyrate and cellulose propionate appear to have retained their smaller market because of their excellent appearance and toughness. 

Secondary cellulose acetate has also been used for fibres and lacquers whilst cellulose triacetate fibre has been extensively marketed in Great Britain under the trade name Tricel. 

Acetone is a volatile liquid with a distinct sweet odor. It is miscible with water, alcohols, and many hydrocarbons. For this reason, it is a highly desirable solvent for paints, lacquers, and cellulose acetate. Acetone was the 41st highest volume chemical. The 1994 U.S. production was approximately 2.8 billion pounds. 

Acetic acid is a versatile reagent. It is an important esterifying agent for the manufacture of cellulose acetate (for acetate fibers and lacquers), vinyl acetate monomer, and ethyl and butyl acetates. Acetic acid is used to produce pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and dyes. It is also a precursor for chloroacetic acid and acetic anhydride. The 1994 U.S. production of acetic acid was approximately 4 billion pounds. 

With these lacquers, nitrocellulose-based primer-surfacers are used. As well as liquid plasticisers, a wide range of materials are used as plasticising resins short oil alkyds, maleinised oils, ester gum, rosin and bodied castor oils. Pigmentation is usually inert. Thermoplastic acrylics are often preferred under acrylic lacquers these are based on acrylic resins and cellulose acetate butyrate. 

Some part of the cellulose fraction is redirected to make cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate, methyl and ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose. These derivatives find multiple applications, for instance, as additives in current products (e.g., paints, lacquers) of chemical industry. Typically, the preparation of cellulose derivatives takes place as a two-phase reaction cellulose is pretreated, for example, with alkali, and a reagent is added to get the substitution. Usually no catalyst is needed [5]. 

The predominant RO membranes used in water applications include cellulose polymers, thin film oomposites (TFCs) consisting of aromatic polyamides, and crosslinked polyetherurea. Cellulosic membranes are formed by immersion casting of 30 to 40 percent polymer lacquers on a web immersed in water. These lacquers include cellulose acetate, triacetate, and acetate-butyrate. TFCs are formed by interfacial polymerization that involves coating a microporous membrane substrate with an aqueous prepolymer solution and immersing in a water-immiscible solvent containing a reactant [Petersen, J. Memhr. Sol., 83, 81 (1993)]. The Dow FilmTec FT-30 membrane developed by Cadotte uses 1-3 diaminobenzene prepolymer crosslinked with 1-3 and 1-4 benzenedicarboxylic acid chlorides. These membranes have NaCl retention and water permeability claims. 

As a solvent, acetone is used in varnishes, lacquer, cellulose acetate fiber, cellulose nitrate (an explosive), and as a carrier solvent for acetylene in cylinders. Acetylene is stored at about 225 psi but is so explosively reactive that as an extra precaution the cylinder is filled with asbestos wool soaked in acetone. Acetylene is extremely soluble in acetone, and the asbestos keeps it from sloshing around when the cylinder is half empty. Acetone also is used in smaller volumes for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chloroform (the anesthetic). 

More than 65% of the acetic acid produced in the United States goes into vinyl acetate. Nearly all the vinyl acetate ends up as polyvinyl acetate, used to make plastics, latex paints, and adhesives. About 12% of acetic acid is converted to acetic anhydride that is mostly used to make cellulose acetate, the white stuff in cigarette filters. It is also used in the manufacture of plastic sheeting and film and in formulating lacquers. 

Uses Dry cleaning solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, resins, oil, grease, albumin perfume fixative coating compositions for paper, cloth, leather lacquers. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, crude rubber, natural resins, nitrocellulose, vinyl resins, waxes, fats, oils, shellac, rubber, DDT, and other pesticides preparation of adipic acid and caprolactum additive in wood stains, paint, PVC paints, lacquers (to prevent blushing or improve flow), and varnish removers degreasing of metals spot remover lube oil additive in PVC adhesives to control evaporation rate leveling agent in dyeing and delustering silk. 

Uses Plasticizer for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, resins, rubber, elastomers ingredient in lacquers coating agents safety glass insect repellant molding powders perfumes. 

Uses Solvent for natural and synthetic resins, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and some dyes nail polishes dyeing leather sealing moisture-proof cellophane lacquers, varnishes, enamels, wood stains in solvent mixtures perfume fixative jet fuel de-icing additive. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, various gums, resins, waxes, oils textile printing lacquers dopes textile printing photographic film. 

Uses Denaturant for ethyl alcohol solvent for paints, varnishes, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose lacquers, resins, fats, oils, and waxes preparation of methyl amyl alcohol in hydraulic fluids and antifreeze extraction of uranium from fission products organic synthesis. 

Uses Plasticizer for lacquers, plastics, cellulose esters, and vinyl resins heat-exchange liquid carbonless copy paper systems in aircraft hydraulic fluids solvent extraction of metal ions from solution of reactor products uranium extraction and nuclear fuel reprocessing pigment grinding assistant antifoaming agent solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. 

While other organic esters are commercially available, namely cellulose butyrate and cellulose propionate, by far the most widely used is cellulose acetate, which is available as plastics, in films, sheets, fibers, and lacquers. Cellulose acetate is used in the manufacture of display packaging and as extruded film for decorative signs, and to coat a variety of fibers. Injected molded products include toothbrush handles, combs, and brushes. It is also used in lacquers and protective coatings for metal, glass, and paper. Cellulose acetate films are used in reverse osmosis to purify blood, fruit juices, and brackish water. Some eyeglass frames are... 

Urea-formaldehyde resins Cellulose nitrate automobile lacquers Cellulose acetate fibers Alkyd polyester (Kienle)... 

Another potentially important fermentation is that producing butyric acid. The process is used industrially on only a small scale at present and details have not been disclosed. Many derivatives of butyric acid are used industrially the benzyl, methyl, octyl and terpenyl esters are used in the perfumery and essence trade and amyl butyrate, bornyl and isobornyl butyrates have been described as plasticizers for cellulose esters. Moreover vinyl butyrate is a possible ingredient of polymerizable materials. The mixed acetic and butyric acid esters of polysaccharides are also coming into favor. Cellulose acetate butyrate is marketed as an ingredient of lacquer and is less inflammable than the pure acetate. Dextran (see below) acetate butyrate may have similar uses. 

Two methods of prepn are listed in Ref 3 a)By esterification of lactic acid with ethanol and b)By combining acetaldehyde with hydrocyanic. acid to form acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, and this is treated wi th ethanol HC1 to ethyl lactate. Used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, other cellulose esters, resins, lacquers, paints and enamels Refs l)Beil 3, 264, 267, 280,(102,109) ... 

Diacetone is used as a solv for NC, cellulose acetate, oils, resins, waxes, fats, dyes, cars, lacquers, etc. Fassnacht (Ref 2) patented the use of diacetone or other aliphatic monohydric ale contg a carbonyl group, as an additive to NG, which acts as an accelerant in the gelatinization of NC Refs 1) Beil 1, 836, (424), [876] (3234i 2) H.H. Fassnacht, USP 2194544(1940) ... 

---