Solvent, lacquer

CH3CH(0H)C(0)0Et. A colourless liquid with a pleasant odour, b.p. 154 C. Manufactured by distilling a mixture of ( )-lactic acid, ethanol and benzene in the presence of a little sulphuric or benzenesulphonic acid. It is a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate and also for various resins. Used as a lacquer solvent. 

Cellulose acetate butyrates with high butyryl content and low viscosity are soluble in inexpensive lacquer solvents. They are widely used in lacquers for protective and decorative coatings appHed to automobiles and wood furniture. 

Lack-industrie,/. (paint and) varnish industry, -lack, m. lac lake, -lasurfarbe,/. transparent varnish color, -laus,/. lac insect, -lausfarb-stoff, m. lac dye. -leder, n. japanned leather, patent leather, -leinol, n. linseed oil for varnish. -losungsmittel, n. lacquer solvent. 

Group D Gasoline, hexane, naphtha, benzene, butane, propane, alcohols, acetone, lacquer, solvent vapors, or natural gas (methane)... 

Uses. The. motivation for first recovering NBA in the 1920s was its use as a lacquer solvent. That application is even stronger today. The NBA vapors from lacquer drying are nontoxic and virtually nonflammable. Other fast growing uses for NBA are plasticizers and chemical intermediates, mostly for esters and ethers used in water-based coatings and adhesives systems. 

Other minor uses of detergent alcohols include lacquer solvent, synthetic lubricants (which need lots of different kinds of slippery long-chain molecules), antifoaming agents, herbicides, lube oil additives, and stabilizers for fire extinguisher foams. ... 

Uses. In solvents, especially lacquer solvents textile sizes and paper coatings... 

Synonym Acetic acid, tert-huxy ester Physical Form. Colorless liquid Uses. Gasoline additive lacquer solvent Exposure. Inhalation... 

Uses. Lacquer solvent manufacture of plastics and rubber cements... 

Uses. Polishes, cleaning materials, paint removers, fruit essences, perfumes, and dyestuffs synthesis of methyl ethyl ketone lacquer solvent... 

Uses. Lacquer solvent artificial fruit essences... 

Uses. Intermediate in the manufacture of 2-ethylhexyl acetate, a lacquer solvent solvent for nitrocellulose, urea, resins, enamels, alkyd varnishes, and lacquers used in ceramics, paper coatings, textiles, and latex rubbers... 

Esters Plastics, resins, plasticizers, lacquer solvents, flavors, perfumes... 

An interesting case of interproduct competition is that of the four original lacquer solvents—ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate. These were once produced mainly by fermentation processes, but today all are also produced by synthesis from petroleum hydrocarbons. Moreover, in the past 30 years solvents have been developed from petroleum sources which are competing successfully with these materials even though the new compounds are not identical in all properties isopropyl alcohol competes with ethyl alcohol methyl isobutyl carbinol and n-propyl alcohol can replace butyl alcohol methyl ethyl ketone to a large extent supplants ethyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone can be substituted for butyl acetate. Thus, petroleum aliphatic chemicals have served both by displacement of source and replacement of end product to supplement and to compete with the fermentation solvents. 

Solvents have been classified on various arbitrary bases (1) boiling point, (2) evaporation rate, (3) polarity, (4) industrial applications, (5) chemical composition, (6) proton donor and proton acceptor relationships, and (7) behavior toward a dye, Magdala Red, Thus on the basis of industrial application one can classify solvents as those for (1) acctyl-ccliulosc, (2) pyroxylin, 13) resins and lubber, (4) cellulose ether, (5) chlorinated rubber, (6) synthetic resins, and (7) solvents and blending agents for cellulose ester lacquers. Solvents classified according to chemical composition are noted below. 

Carboxylated polyesters were prepared by extending hydroxyl-terminated polyester segments with dianhydrides. Carboxylated polyesters which were soluble in common lacquer solvents were effective in improving the adhesion of coatings on a variety of substrates when 1-10% was blended with cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, bisphenol polycarbonates, and other soluble polymers. 

The specimens were coated with a blend of the carboxylated polyester and second polymer in a solvent (10% solids), which, when possible, consisted of a conventional lacquer solvent (74.2% toluene, 7.4% butyl alcohol, 7.4% Solvesso 100 solvent, 3.7% ethyl acetate, 3.7% butyl acetate, and 3.6 Cellosolve acetate). If the second polymer was not soluble (polysulfone, polycarbonates, PPO), chloroform was used. The coatings were dried for 1 hour at room temperature and then for 2 hours in an oven at 115°C. The coating thickness was about 0.5 mil. 

Oxidative Stability of Carboxylated Polyesters. The polyesters which were extended with dianhydrides are those in Table I which were soluble in the lacquer solvents. Of these, theoretical considerations indicate that T50I(NPG) should be the most oxidatively and thermally stable because it is the only one with a completely aromatic acid component (terephthalic and isophthalic), and the glycol component has the stable neopentyl structure. When K-l polycarbonate films containing 5% of this polyester extended with PMDA were heated in a forced-air oven at 200°C, the film life (time to brittleness when creased) was not lowered appreciably (compared with a control containing no carboxylated polyester). The incorporation of 5% of the similar carboxylated T50H(NPG)... 

These branched alcohol products are also useful in solvents, plasticizers, and monomers. For example, isobutyl alcohol is converted into the acetate ester, which is used extensively as a lacquer solvent. Isobutyl alcohol is also used in lubricating oils and in the production of amide resins. Propyl alcohol (59 million kg/yr) is used heavily in herbicide syntheses and in solvents for coatings and inks. 

Amyl, butyl, and iso-propyl acetates are all made from acetic acid and the appropriate alcohols. All are useful lacquer solvents and their slow rate of evaporation (compared to acetone or ethyl acetate) prevents the surface of the drying lacquer from falling below the dew point, which would cause condensation on the film and a mottled surface appearance (blushing). Other esters of importance are used in perfumery and in plasticizers and include methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, diethyl-phthalate, dibutyl-phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate. 

Table I. PROPERTIES OP NON-EXEMPT NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER, SOLVENT BLEND AND ITS RULE 66 EXEMPT REPLACEMENT.

Use Chemicals (methyl isobutyl ketone methyl isobutyl carbinol methyl methacrylate bisphenol-A) paint, varnish, and lacquer solvent cellulose acetate, especially as spinning solvent to clean and dry parts of precision equipment solvent for potassium iodide and permanganate delusterant for cellulose acetate fibers specification testing of vulcanized rubber products. 

Properties Water-white, stable liquid mild odor. D 0.974-0.984 (20/20C), flashp 168F (75.5C) (TOC), mp-43C, wt/gal 8.15 lb, bp 188C, refr index 1.4216 (20C), vap press 0.4 mm Hg (20C), latent heat of vaporization 77.4 cal/g (20C), autoign temp 720F (382C). Miscible with many lacquer solvents, diluents, oils, slightly soluble in water, hydrolyzed in acids and alkalies. Combustible. 

Use Plasticizer for automobile lacquers solvent for nitrocellulose, gums, and resins. 

Use Flavoring, perfumery, solvent mixture, lacquers, solvent for many cellulose derivatives and natural and synthetic resins. 

Use Chemicals (amyl ether, amyl acetate, pure amyl alcohols, nitrous ether, various esters), explosives (gelatinizing agent), solvent for fats and oils, intermediate, pharmaceuticals, nitrocellulose plastics, synthetic rubber, varnishes, lacquers, solvent for resins and waxes, perfumery. 

Use Lacquer solvents, paint removers, organic synthesis. 

Use High-boiling lacquer solvent, coupling agent for brake fluids, intermediate for plasticizers, herbicides, film-forming additive in PVA emulsions, solvent for pharmaceuticals. 

Use Paint remover compounds, lacquer solvent, intermediate, synthetic flavoring. 

Properties Colorless liquid odorless neutral stable. Comprising a mixture of isomers. Miscible with most lacquer solvents and diluents. 

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