Membrane, microporous

MFI-type zeolite membranes. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 43, 319-327. 

Weh, K., Noack, M., Sieber, L, and Caro, J. (2002) Permeation of single gases and gas mixtures through faujasite-type molecular sieve membranes. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 54, 27-36. 

Tomita, T., Nakayama, K., and Sakai, H. (2004) Gas separation characteristics of DDR type zeolite membrane. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 68, 71-75. 

In lithium-based cells, the essential function of battery separator is to prevent electronic contact, while enabling ionic transport between the positive and negative electrodes. It should be usable on highspeed winding machines and possess good shutdown properties. The most commonly used separators for primary lithium batteries are microporous polypropylene membranes. Microporous polyethylene and laminates of polypropylene and polyethylene are widely used in lithium-ion batteries. These materials are chemically and electrochemically stable in secondary lithium batteries. 

Figure 11.7 Demonstration of coupled transport. In a two-compartment cell, copper flows from the dilute (feed) solution into the concentrated (product) solution, driven by a gradient in hydrogen ion concentration [9], Membrane, microporous Celgard 2400/LIX 64N feed, pH 2.5 product, pH 1.0...

Figure 11.9 Effect of metal concentration in the feed and product solution on flux. Membrane, microporous Celgard 2400/30% Kelex 100 in Kermac 470B feed, pH 2.5 product, 100 g/L H2SO4 [9]...

Recent developments demonstrate possibilities for inorganic C02 selective membranes. Microporous membranes with strong C02 adsorption show C02 selectivity if other gas species are hindered in accessing the pores. For instance, at intermediate temperatures, limited C02 selectivity to N2 (to about 400 °C) and H2 (to about 200 °C) is reported for MFI zeolite membranes [96]. Also, at high pressure (10-15 bars) C02 selectivity has been demonstrated in MFI membranes (C02/N2 separation factor ... 

In addition to the Pd-based membranes, microporous silica membranes for hydrogen permeation [8] can be produced by a special type of chemical vapor deposition [140] named chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) [141], A large amount of studies have been carried out on silica membranes made by CVI for hydrogen separation purposes [8,121], CVI [141] is another form of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [140] (see Section 3.7.3). CVD involves deposition onto a surface, while CVI implies deposition within a porous material [141], Both methods use almost similar equipment [140] and precursors (see Figure 3.19) however, each one functions using different operation parameters, that is, flow rates, pressures, furnace temperatures, and other parameters. 

A novel type of membrane reactor, emerging presently, is the pervaporation reactor. Conventional pervaporation processes only involve separation and most pervaporation set-ups are used in combination with distillation to break azeotropes or to remove trace impurities from product streams, but using membranes also products can be removed selectively from the reaction zone. Next to the polymer membranes, microporous silica membranes are currently under investigation, because they are more resistant to chemicals like Methyl Tertair Butyl Ether (MTBE) [23-24], Another application is the use of pervaporation with microporous silica membranes to remove water from polycondensation reactions [25], A general representation of such a reaction is ... 

R.S.A. de Lange, J.H.A. Hekkink, K. Keizer and A.J. Burggraaf, Permeation and Separation Studies on Microporous Sol-Gel Modified Ceramic Membranes , Microporous Mater., 4 169-86 (1995). 

Millot, B. M6thivier, A. Jobic, H. Moueddeb, H. Dalmon, J.A., Permeation of linear and branched alkanes in ZSM-5 supported membranes. Micropor. Mesoporo. Mater. 38 (2000) 85-95. 

F. Kapteijn, W.J.W. Bakker, G. Zheng, and J.A. Moulijn, The temperature and occupancy dependent diffusion of n-butane through a silicalite membrane, Microporous Mater. 3(3) 227 (1994). 

Katsaros FK, Steriotis TA, Stubos AK, Mitropoulos A, Kanellopoulos NK, and Tennison S. High pressure gas pemieabiUty of microporous carbon membranes. Microporous Mater. 1997 8(3 ) 171-176. 

Jareman F, Andersson C, and Hedlund J. The influence of the calcination rate on silicalite-1 membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2005 79 1-5. 

Snyder MA, Lai Z, Tsapatsis M, and Vlachos DG. Combining simultaneous reflectance and fluorescence imaging with SEM for conclusive identification of polycrystalline features of MFI membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2004 76 29-33. 

Matsufuji T, Nakagawa S, Nishiyama N, Matsukata M, and Ueyama K. Synthesis and permeation studies of ferrierite/alumina composite membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2000 38 43-50. 

Hedlund J, Sterte J, Anthonis M, Bons AJ, Carstensen B, Corcoran N, Cox D, Deckman H, de Gijnst W, de Moor PP, Lai F, McHenry J, Mortier W, and Reinoso J. High-flux MFI membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2002 52 179-189. 

Guan GQ, Kusakabe K, and Morooka S. Synthesis and permeation properties of ion-exchanged ETS-4 tubular membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2001 50 109-120. 

Lin Z, Rocha J, Navajas A, Tellez C, Coronas JQ, and Santamaria J. Synthesis and characterization of titanosilicate ETS-10 membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2004 67 79-86. 

Park DH, Nishiyama N, Egashira Y, and Ueyama K. Separation of organic/water mixtures with silylated MCM-48 silica membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2003 66 69-76. 

Tomita T, Nakayama K, and Sakai H. Gas separation characteristics of DDR type zeohte membrane. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2004 68 71-75. 

Dong JH, Lin YS, Hu MZC, Peascoe RA, and Payzant EA. Template-removal-associated microstmctural development of porous-ceramic-supported MFI zeolite membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2(K)0 34(3) 241-253. 

Two-phase liquid membrane Microporous membrane liquid—liquid extraction MMLLE [6,86]... 

Membrane micropore (filled with a carrier solution)... 

FIGURE 38.6 Example of a supported liquid membrane. The carrier (C) contained in the membrane micropore selectively transports the species i from the gas to the strip phase. 

S.P.J. Smith, V.M. Linkov, R.D. Sanderson, L.F. Petrik, C.T. O Connor and K. Keizer, Preparation of hollow fibre composite carbon zeolite membranes. Microporous Materials, 4 (1995) 385-390. 

The ability to separate cells from a high molecular weight extracellular product is one of the touted advantages of using microporous membranes over ultrafiltration membranes. Microporous membranes compete with centrifuges and rotary vacuum filters for this type of recovery. High yield protein/cell separations with membranes, however, have not been well established in the literature. Rejection coefficients for extracellular proteins in bacterial cell broth have been reported to vary widely from 5 to 100% for microporous membranes of 0.1 to 0.6 micron... 

Figure 9.9 Experiments to demonstrate the maximum achievable concentration factor.61 (Membrane Microporous Celgard 2400/LIX 64N. Feed pH 2.5, 0 or 100 ppm copper. Product pH 1.0, 3.0% or 9.3% copper).

Figure 9.10 Maximum concentration factor vs pH difference across the membrane. The line Is calculated from Eq. 27.15 (Membrane Microporous Celgard 2400/LIX 64N. Feed 100 ppm copper. Product 0.5 to 9 wt % copper).

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