Taxonomic relationship

The ontology that underlies the information extraction and annotation process is solely based on taxonomic relationships. We intend to enrich our ontology with typed relationships. We are currently evaluating how typed relationships can extend the functionality of the UltraLink and how the expressivity for our ontology impacts the computational complexity of formal reasoning [9]. 

Riga, E., Beckenbach, K. and Webster, J.M. (1992) Taxonomic relationships of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and IS. mucronatus based on interspecific and intra-specific cross-hybridisation and DNA analysis. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15, 391-395. 

It was stated that the chromatographic analysis of the flavonoid profde may help the determination of taxonomic relationships between these species [125], The optimization of the separation of flavonoid glycosides of Mentha piperita (Laminaceae) was carried out on silica, amino, cyano and C18 HPTLC statinoary phases. The investigation was motivated by the spasmolytic, carminative and cholagogue characteristics of the plant. Air-dried and powdered leaves of peppermint (300 g) were extracted with methanol-water 1 1 v/v at ambient temperature. The suspension was filtered, concentrated to 200 ml acidified to pH 3 with formic acid and separated in an ODS column (400 X 40 mm i.d. particle size 40 pm). 

Table 6.1. Cockroach species in which presence of sex pheromones has been demonstrated, indicating their taxonomic relationships and references to the original studies...

The classification in Table 14.1 shows 16 groups of animal viruses and is based on (a) the nature of the nucleic acid, (b) the structural symmetry of the virus particle, (c) the presence of an envelope, and (d) the size of the virion. The classification is simplified from that of Fraenkel-Conrat (1974) and resembles that of Wildy (1971), but details of classifications differ as precise taxonomic relationships have not been established. 

Extensive studies have been made of the charge relationships and electrostatic properties of ovotransferrin, and a few studies have been made on other transferrins. Several of these primarily concern the changes seen on chelation of metal ions, which will be discussed below. Most of the transferrins have isoelectric points around pH 6 (Fig. 2), but the isoelectric point may vary considerably with species and may show taxonomic relationships (28). These will be discussed below under genetic relationships. 

In the 18th century there was no alternative but to use a strictly morphological approach, so that the more structural traits shared by different organisms (i.e., the number and placement of limbs, the shapes of leaves, or internal organs), the closer their taxonomic relationship. 

In a few taxa that cluster within QA-accumulating genera, QAs are hardly detectable or levels are very low, such as in Ulex, Calicotome or Spartocytisus. These taxa have in common extensive spines that have apparently supplanted chemical defence. In such cases, the presence or absence of QAs is clearly a trait reflecting different ecological strategies rather than taxonomic relationships. 

White JF Jr. Taxonomic Relationships among the members of the Balansieae (Clavicipitales). In Bacon CW, White JF Jr, eds. Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses. CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, 1994, pp 3-20. 

Tropane alkaloids mainly occur in the Solanaceae family but are also found in other families such as Convolvulaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Proteaceae and Rhizophoraceae. Less frequently, tropane alkaloids have been mentioned in the Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae and Olacaceae families which show no taxonomic relationships with Solanaceae. In several species of Erythroxylum, the tropane alkaloids are characterized by a 3 3-hydroxy function and a carboxyl group at C-2 of the tropane nucleus. The most famous representant of this group is cocaine (Fig. 2). In Table 1 the distribution of tropane alkaloids in the plant kingdom is indicated. 

All eukaryotes possess a cytoskeleton, and parasitic protozoa are no exception. Cytoskeletal structures, particularly microtubular elements, classically have been among the major features used in defining the taxonomic relationships of protozoa. The cytoskeleton of higher eukaryotes contains three major types of protein filaments intermediate filaments, actin filaments and microtubules. Intermediate filaments are composed of fibrous, overlapping proteins those found in mammalian cells (e.g. keratins and lamins) have not yet been studied in protozoa. 

Tremella/Cryptococcus. The first definitive compositional and structural studies (, ) on a member of this family of polysaccharides were done on the heteropolysaccharide produced by C. laurentii var. flavescens NRRL Y-1401. Because haploid, yeastlike species of the basidiomycetous genus Tremella formed glucu-ronoxylomannans (GXM) similar to those from species of Crypto-coccus, a taxonomic relationship was suggested between the genera "(576)7 Basidiomycetous perfect states were subsequently discovered for C. laurentii (7 ) and C. neoformans ( ). 

The occurrence of the same alkaloids in L necator and L, atroviridis indicates the close taxonomic relationship of both species. It is noteworthy that in young, light brown fruiting bodies of L. necator about equal amounts of pigments 21.2 and 21.6 are present, whereas in aged, dark brown specimens the ratio between these compounds becomes 5 95. 

In Table IV are recorded the results of all tests to date for chemotropism conducted by the surface and depression methods on plants of increasingly divergent taxonomic relationships. Two facts emerge from this tabulation. First, chemotropic responses have been observed with pollen and gynoecial tissue from plants that are widely separated taxonomically. Second, the percentage of positive tests decreases as the taxonomic relationship becomes more remote. Not showm in the table is the fact that the amount of in-... 

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