Capillary electrophoresis spectrometry

Detectors Most of the detectors used in HPLC also find use in capillary electrophoresis. Among the more common detectors are those based on the absorption of UV/Vis radiation, fluorescence, conductivity, amperometry, and mass spectrometry. Whenever possible, detection is done on-column before the solutes elute from the capillary tube and additional band broadening occurs. 

CE/MS. capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry used as a combined technique... 

Identification of stmctures of toxic chemicals in environmental samples requires to use modern analytical methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) with element selective detectors (NPD, FPD, AED), capillary electrophoresis (CE) for screening purposes, gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatography / Fourier transform infra red spectrometry (GC/FTIR), nucleai magnetic resonance (NMR), etc. 

The developed assay was successfully applied for the arsenite and arsenate determination in contaminated waters of the gold recovery plant and in snow covers of the industrial anthropogenic sources vicinities as well. The data produced are in a good agreement with the results of independent methods atomic absorptioin and atomic emission spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 

A. J. Tomlinson and S. Naylor, Systematic development of on-line membrane preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry foi analysis of peptide mixtures, J. Capillary Electrophoresis 225-233 (1995). 

Figure 5.54 Structures of Praziquantel and its metabolites, cis- and fraw5-4-hydroxy-praziquantel. Reprinted from 7. Chromatogr., B, 708, Lerch, C. and Blaschke, G., Investigation of the stereoselective metabolism of Praziquantel after incubation with rat liver microsomes by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry , 267-275, Copyright (1998), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Hutton, T. and Major, H.J., Characterizing biomolecnles by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry coupled to liqnid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 23, 924, 1995. 

Carmine extracted from cochineal insects is one of the most used natural colorings for beverages and other foods. Some representative articles refer to isolation and spectrometric analysis or the use of HPLC or capillary electrophoresis (CE) to separate and characterize all cochineal pigments. Its active ingredient, carminic acid, was quantified by rapid HPLC-DAD or fluorescence spectrometry. Carminic acid, used as an additive in milk beverages, was separated within 9 min using a high-efficiency CE separation at pH 10.0 after a previous polyamide column solid phase extraction (SPE), ... 

As in HPLC, the coupling of MS detection with CE has provided an excellent opportunity for more selective analysis, but the much reduced flow rates, small injection volumes, limitations in the types of buffers used [since electrospray ionization (ESI) is used in capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS)], and need to... 

Johansson, I. M., Pavelka, R., and Henion, J. D., Determination of small drug molecules by capillary electrophoresis-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry /. Chromatogr., 559, 515, 1991. 

In E. Coli bacterial lysates, the proteome (i.e., the full array of proteins produced) was analyzed by isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry.97 A comparison of capillary electrophoretic separation and slab gel separation of a recombinant monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the precision, robustness, speed, and ease-of-use of CE were superior.98 Seventy-five proteins from the yeast ribosome were analyzed and identified by capillary electrophoresis coupled with MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry.99 Heavy-chain C-terminal variants of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody DE7 have been separated on capillary isoelectric focusing.100 Isoforms differing by about 0.1 pi units represented antibodies with 0,1 or 2 C-terminal lysines. 

Li, J., Kelly, J.F., Chernushevich, I., Harrison, D.J., and Thibault P., Separation and identification of peptides from gel-isolated membrane proteins using a microfabricated device for combined capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectro-spray mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 72, 599, 2000. 

Johnson S.K., Houk L.L., Johnson D.C., and Houk R.S., Determination of small carboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 389, 1, 1999. 

Choudhary, G., Chakel, J., Hancock, W., Torres-Duarte, A., McMahon, G., and Wainer, I., Investigation of the potential of capillary electrophoresis with offline matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for clinical analysis examination of a glycoprotein factor associated with cancer cachexia, Anal. Chem. 71, 855, 1999. 

Tong W., Link A., Eng J.K., and Yates, J.R. Ill, Identification of proteins in complexes by solid-phase microextraction/multitep elution/capillary electrophoresis/ tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 71, 2270, 1999. 

Macrocyclic Compounds in Analytical Chemistry. Edited by Yury A. Zolotov Surface-Launched Acoustic Wave Sensors Chemical Sensing and Thin-Film Characterization. By Michael Thompson and David Stone Modern Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Edited by T. J. Platzner High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis Theory, Techniques, and Applications. Edited by Morteza G. Khaledi... 

Li, J. Thibault, P. Martin, A. Richards, J. C. Wakarchuk, W. W. der Wilp, W. Development of an on-line preconcentration method for the analysis of pathogenic lipopolysaccharides using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry—Application to small colony isolates. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 817, 325-336. 

Huber, C.G., Premstaller, A. (1999). Evaluation of volatile eluents and electrolytes for high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of proteins. I. Liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 849, 161-173. 

Bergstrom, S.K., Samskog, J., Markides, K.E. (2003). Development of a poly(dimethylsilox-ane) interface for on-line capillary column liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis coupled to sheathless electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75, 5461-5467. 

Janini, G.M., Zhou, M., Yu, L.-R., Blonder, J., Gignac, M., Comads, T.P., Issaq, H.J., Veenstra, T.D. (2003). On-column sample enrichment for capillary electrophoresis sheathless electrospray ionization mass spectrometry evaluation for peptide analysis and protein identification. Anal. Chem. 75, 5984—5993. 

Rodriguez, R., Manes, J., Pico, Y. (2003). Off-line solid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to determine acidic pesticides in fruits. Anal. Chem. 75, 452 159. 

Sanz-Nebot, V., Benavente, F., Barbosa, J. (2002). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis combined approach for separation and characterization of multicomponent peptide mixtures application to crude products of leuprolide synthesis. J. Chromatogr. A 950, 99-111. 

Wahl, J.H., Gale, D.C., Smith, R.D. (1994). Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using 10 pm I.D. capillaries analyses of tryptic digests of cytochrome c. J. Chromatogr. 659, 217-222. 

Capillary electrophoresis has also been combined with other analytical methods like mass spectrometry, NMR, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy in order to combine the separation speed, high resolving power and minimum sample consumption of capillary electrophoresis with the selectivity and structural information provided by the other techniques [6]. 

Characterization of Organic Natural Dyes by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Coupled with HPLC and/or Capillary Electrophoresis... 

M. Puchalska, M. Orlinska, M.A. Ackacha, K. Polec Pawlak and M. Jarosz, Identification of anthraquinone coloring matters in natural red dyes by electrospray mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis, J. Mass Spectrom., 38, 1252 1258 (2003). 

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