Mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis coupled

In E. Coli bacterial lysates, the proteome (i.e., the full array of proteins produced) was analyzed by isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry.97 A comparison of capillary electrophoretic separation and slab gel separation of a recombinant monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the precision, robustness, speed, and ease-of-use of CE were superior.98 Seventy-five proteins from the yeast ribosome were analyzed and identified by capillary electrophoresis coupled with MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry.99 Heavy-chain C-terminal variants of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody DE7 have been separated on capillary isoelectric focusing.100 Isoforms differing by about 0.1 pi units represented antibodies with 0,1 or 2 C-terminal lysines. 

Bergstrom, S.K., Samskog, J., Markides, K.E. (2003). Development of a poly(dimethylsilox-ane) interface for on-line capillary column liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis coupled to sheathless electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75, 5461-5467. 

Huck WC, Stecher G, Scherz H and Bonn G. 2005. Analysis of drugs, natural and bioactive compounds containing phenolic groups by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26(7-8) 1319-1333. 

Varesio E, Rudaz S, Krause KH, Veuthey JL. 2002. Nanoscale liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry for the detection of amyloid-beta peptide related to Alzheimer s disease. 

Sanz-Nebot, V., Benavente, R., Balaguer, E., and Barbosa, J. (2003). Capillary electrophoresis coupled to time of flight-mass spectrometry of therapeutic peptide hormones. Electrophoresis 24, 883-891. 

Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE—MS) are reviewed from over 400 references covering the significant challenges, issues, and results obtained with CE—MS analyses. 

Huck, C. W., Bakry, R., Huber, L. A., and Bonn, G. K. (2006). Progress in capillary electrophoresis coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 27, 2063—2074. 

Chakel, J. A., Erno, J., Hancock, W. S., and Swedberg, S. A. (1997). Analysis of recombinant DNA-derived glycoproteins via high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with off-line matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fiight mass spectrometry. /. Chromatogr. B 689, 215—220. 

Fliser, D., Wittke, S., and Mischak, H. (2005). Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical diagnostic purposes. Electrophoresis 26, 2708 — 2716. 

Hamdan, M. (1997). Pharmaceutical applications of liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Process Control Qual. 10, 113 — 127. 

Sheppard, R. L., Tong, X., Cai, J., and Henion, J. D. (1995). Chiral separation and detection of terbutaline and ephedrine by capillary electrophoresis coupled with ion spray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67, 2054-2058. 

Geiser, L., Cherkaoui, S., and Veuthey, J. L. (2002). Potential of formamide and N-methylformamide in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Application to the analysis of P-blockers. /. Chromatogr. A 979, 389—398. 

Mass spectrometry (MS) is probably a famhiar tool to chemistry and biology students as a technique commonly used to measure the molecular mass of a sample. Often, MS is used in tandem with other techniques for chromatic separation of the sample before mass measurement. Some common hyphenated techniques include HPLC-MS, high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to MS GC-MS, gas chromatography coupled to MS or CE-MS, capillary electrophoresis coupled to MS. 

NA Guzman. Determination of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone in serum and urine by on-line immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 749 197—213, 2000. 

Bianco, G., Schmitt-Kopplin, R, De Benedetto, G., Kettrup, A., and Cataldi, T. R. (2002). Determination of glycoalkaloids and relative aglycones by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 23,2904—2912. 

Liu, Y., Lopez-Avila, V, Zhu, J.J., Wiederin, D.R. and Beckert, W.F. (1995) Capillary electrophoresis coupled on-line with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for elemental speciation. Anal Chem., 67, 2020-2025. 

Michalke, B., O. Schramel, and A. Kettrup. 1999. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE/ICP-MS) and to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE/ ESI-MS) An approach for maximum species information in speciation of selenium. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 363 456—459. 

Wittke S, Mischak H, Walden M, Kolch W, Radler T, Wiedemann K (2005) Discovery of biomarkers in human urine and cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry Towards new diagnosdc and dierapeudc approaches. Electrophoresis 26 147 1487. 

Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Chiral Drugs Analysis"... 

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation technique. It is especially useful for separation of ionic compounds and chiral mixtures. Mass spectrometry has been coupled with CE to provide a powerful platform for separation and detection of complex mixtures such as combinatorial libraries. However, the full potential of CE in the application of routine analysis of samples has yet to be realized. This is in part due to perceived difficulty in the use of the CE technique compared to the more mature techniques of HPLC and even SFC. Dunayevskiy et al. [136] analyzed a library of 171 theoretically disubstituted xanthene derivatives with a CE/ESI-MS system. The method allowed the purity and makeup of the library to be determined 160 of the expected compounds were found to be present, and 12 side products were also detected in the mixture. Due to the ability of CE to separate analytes on the basis of charge, most of the xanthene derivatives could be resolved by simple CE-MS procedures even though 124 of the 171 theoretical compounds were isobaric with at least one other molecule in the mixture. Any remaining unresolved peaks were resolved by MS/MS experiments. The method shows promise for the analysis of small combinatorial libraries with fewer than 1000 components. Boutin et al. [137] used CE-MS along with NMR and MS/MS to characterize combinatorial peptide libraries that contain 3 variable positions. The CE-MS method was used to provide a rapid and routine method for initial assessment of the construction of the library. Simms et al. [138] developed a micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the analysis of combinatorial libraries with an open-tube capillary and UV detection. The quick analysis time of the method made it suitable for the analysis of combinatorial library samples. CE-MS was also used in the analysis... 

K. Vuorensola, H. Siren and U. Karjalainen, Determination of dopamine and methoxycatecholamines in patient urine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and by capillary electrophoresis coupled with spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 788, 277-289 (2003). 

Costa-Fernandez, J.M., Bings, N.H., Leach, A.M. Hieftje, G.M. (2000) Rapid simultaneous multielemental speciation by capillary electrophoresis coupled to inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 15, 1063-1067. 

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