Canine

Species origin tests, used to determine whether the specimen is human or from another source, are immunological in nature. Host animals, usually rabbits, are injected with protein from another species. The animal creates antibodies to the unknown material. Semm from the host animal, containing species (human, bovine, equine, canine, etc) specific antibodies, is tested against a dilute solution of blood (antigens) collected as evidence. A positive reaction is determined by a visible band where the antibodies and antigens come into contact. 

Production of the vims in a bioreactor reactor, using a continuous cell line, has also been studied (85,86). This will reduce production costs and side effects. Both Madin-Darby canine kedney (MDCK) and Vero cell lines are being developed for production of the vaccine. 

Diethylcarbama2ine [98-89-1/ is a pipera2ine derivative which is given daily as a prophylactic for canine heartworm disease Dirofilaria immitis) or as a therapeutic for roundworms. D. immitis is transmitted only by mosquitoes, and therefore the period of administration varies geographically, depending on temperatures and humidity which regulate the mosquito life cycle. 

One drawback of thrombolytic therapy is a high incidence of reocclusion. In a report using a canine model, inclusion of heparin [9005-49-6] (anticoagulant therapy) in the treatment prevented this side effect (158). The combination of aspirin [50-78-2] (antiplatelet therapy) and streptokinase (thrombolytic therapy) has also shown significant therapeutic advantages (78). Although additional work is needed to estabUsh the thrombolytic advantage of various combinations, preliminary results in this area indicate promise in terms of increased efficacy and reduced side effects. 

Deffebach, M. E., Salonen, R. O., Webber, S. E., and Widdiconibe, J. G. (1989), Cold and hyperosmolar fluids in canine trachea Vascular and smooth muscle tone and. ilbuniin flux. ]. Appi. Physiol. 66, 1309-1315. 

Hundekot, m. canine feces, album graecum. hundert, a. himdred. 

GL19 Anthelmintics canine Efficacy of anthelmintics specific recommendations for canine... 

Nelson, W.J. Hammerton, R.W. (1989). A membrane-cytoskeletal complex containing Na, K -AT-Pase, ankyrin, and fodrin in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK cells) Implications for the biogenesis of epithelial cell polarity. J. Cell Biol. 108, 893-902. 

Jiang, H Rao, K., Halayko, A.J., Liu. X., Stephens, N.L. (1992). Ragweed sensitization-induced increase of myosin light chain kinase content in canine airway smooth muscle. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 7, 567-573. 

O Connor, J.V., Wilding, T., Farmer, P Sher, J., Ergin, M.A., Griepp, R.B. (1986). The protective effect of profound hypothermia on the canine central nervous system dunng one hour of circulatory arrest. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 41, 255-259. 

Ehrhardt A, Xu H, Dillow AM, Bellinger DA, Nichols TC, Kay MA (2003) A gene-deleted adenoviral vector results in phenotypic correction of canine hemophilia B without liver toxicity or thrombocytopenia. Blood 102 2403-2411... 

Neri, R.O. and Monahan, M. (1972). Effects of a novel nonsteroidal antiandrogen on canine prostatic hyperplasia. Investigative Urology 10, 123-130. 

Because acid excipients can be used to achieve rapid polymer erosion, the possibility of preparing devices useful for oral delivery was investigated (31). In one such system, 2 wt% phthalic anhydride was incorporated into a polymer prepared from the diketene acetal, trans-cyclohexanedimethanol and C-labeled 1,6-hexanediol and polymer erosion followed in a pH 7 buffer and in pH 1.5 canine... 

FIGURE 22 Release of radioactivity from polymer discs prepared from 3,9-bis(ethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane) and 35 65 mole ratio of trans-cyclohexane dimethanol and [l C]l,6-hexanediol in phosphate buffer and canine gastric juice at 37°C. Polymer conteuned 2.0% phthalic anhydride. (From Ref. 31.)... 

Fix, J. A., and Leppert, P. S., Erodible poly(ortho ester) drug delivery systems In vitro erosion in canine and USP-stimulated gastric juice, J. Control. Rel., 4, 87-95, 1986. 

In an anesthetized, ventilated canine model of anaphylactic shock defined as hypotension with blood pressure maintained at 50% of baseline, epinephrine infusion produces an improvement in blood pressure, associated with positive inotropy [21]. 

Irvine JD, Takahashi L, Lockhart K, Cheong J, Tolan JW, Selick HE, et al. MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells a tool for membrane permeability screening. J Pharm Sci 1999 88 28-33. 

Sasaki M, Suzuki H, Aoki J, Ito K, Meier PJ and Sugiyama Y. Prediction of in vivo biliary clearance from the in vitro transcellular transport of organic anions across a double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II monolayer expressing both rat organic anion transporting polypeptide 4 and multidrug resistance associated protein 2. Mol Pharmacol 2004 66 450-9. 

This electrophoretlcally fast-moving variant was readily Isolated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. Hybridization analyses with canine Hb confirmed the suggestion that the abnormality was located In the a-chaln. The a-chaln was separated from the 3-chaln on 1.7 X 15 cm columns of CM-Cellulose using the method of Clegg tt aJL ( ). The CM-Cellulose used was CM-52 (Reeve Angel, Clifton, N.J.) and the developers were 8 M urea-3-mercaptoethanol phosphate buffers, pH 6.7 - 7.1. 

Levy El, Sauvageau E, Hanel RA, Parikh R, Hopkins LN. Self-expanding versus balloon-mounted stents for vessel recanalization following embolic occlusion in the canine model technical feasibility study. Am J Neuroradiol 2006 27 2069-2072. 

KOIKE D, YAMADERA K, DiMAGNO E p (1995) Effect of a wheat amylase inhibitor on canine carbohydrate digestion, gastrointestinal function, and pancreatic growth. Gastroenterology. 108 1221-9. 

Irvine, J. D., Takahashi, L., Lockhart, K., Cheong, J., Tolan, J. W., Selick, H. E., Grove, J. R. MDGK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells a tool for... 

The evaluation of the apparent ionization constants (i) can indicate in partition experiments the extent to which a charged form of the drug partitions into the octanol or liposome bilayer domains, (ii) can indicate in solubility measurements, the presence of aggregates in saturated solutions and whether the aggregates are ionized or neutral and the extent to which salts of dmgs form, and (iii) can indicate in permeability measurements, whether the aqueous boundary layer adjacent to the membrane barrier, Umits the transport of drugs across artificial phospholipid membranes [parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA)] or across monolayers of cultured cells [Caco-2, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), etc.]. 

Barrington, P.L., Meier, C.F. and Weglicki, W.B. (1992). Abnormal electrical activity induced by H2O2 in isolated canine myocytes. (Preprint)... 

Kramer, J.H., Mak, I.T. and Weglicki, W.B. (1984). Differential sensitivity of canine cardiac sarcolemmal and microsomal enzymes to inhibition by free radical-induced lipid peroxidation. Circ. Res. 55, 120-124. 

Lue, W.M. and Boyden, P.A. (1992). Abnormal electrical properties of myocytes from chronically infarcted canine heart - alterations in V and the transient outward current. Circulation 85, 1175-1188. 

Przyklenk, K. and Kloner, R.A. (1986). Superoxide dismutase plus catalase improve contractile function in the canine model of the stunned myocardium. Circ. Res. 58, 148-156. 

Dutka, A.J., Kochanek, P.M. and Hallenbeck, J.M. (1989). Influence of granulocytopenia on canine cerebral ischemia induced by air embolism. Stroke 20, 390-395. 

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