Canine distemper virus

A number of animal diseases caused by viruses involve primary demyelination and often are associated with inflammation. These diseases are studied as animal models, which may provide clues about how a viral infection could lead to immune-mediated demyelination in humans [1, 5, 6]. Canine distemper virus causes a demyelinating disease, and the lesions in dog brain show a strong inflammatory response with some similarities to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in man [ 1 ]. Visna is a slowly progressive demyelinating disease of sheep caused by a retrovirus [ 1 ]. 

King, D.P. et al., The use of monoclonal antibodies specific for seal immunoglobulins in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect canine distemper virus-specific immunoglobulin in seal plasma samples, J. Immuno. Methods, 160, 163, 1993. 

Concentrations of V, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Tl, Hg, Pb, and organic mercury (Org-Hg) were determined in liver, kidney, and muscle of healthy Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) collected in 1998. These concentrations were compared with those of seals infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) found stranded along the coastal areas in 2000 (Table 1). Concentrations of toxic elements (As, Ag, Cd, Tl, Hg, Pb, and Org-Hg) in Caspian seals stranded in 2000 were comparable or lower than those of samples collected in 1998 and in other pinnipeds. Thus it may be inferred that these elements were not the causative agents in the deaths of the seals. In contrast, concentrations of Zn and Fe were much higher in diseased Caspian seals than those in other pinnipeds. Zinc concentrations in all tissues of Caspian seals also increased during 1993-2000. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between blubber thickness and hepatic and renal Zn concentrations. These results imply the disturbance... 

The lipopeptide vaccine described in this study consists of a CD4+ helper T-cell epitope ([T]) and a B-cell epitope ([B]). These two epitopes are separated by a lysine residue (K) to which is attached the lipid moiety via two serine residues (Fig. IB). The CD4+ T-helper epitope KLIPNASLIENCTKAEL used is derived from the fusion protein of the morbillivirus canine distemper virus (34) and is recognized by T cells from BALB/c and C57BL6 mouse strains (4). The B-cell epitope is LHRH and has the sequence HWYSGLRPG. The presence of anti-LHRH antibodies can render vaccinated animals sterile. 

Ghosh, S., Walker, J., and Jackson, D.C. (2001) Identification of canine helper T-cell epitopes from the fusion protein of canine distemper virus. Immunology 104(1), 58-66. 

The stability of freeze-dried bacteria depends on the duration of incubation prior to freeze-drying, i.e., the condition of the bacterial cell [8-11]. The same holds true for viruses. Canine distemper virus, for example, shows some delicacy upon... 

Table 1 Canine Distemper Virus Variation of the Infectivity Titer after Freeze-Drying and Storage at 37°C...

The deep-freezing rate may also play a role in the stability of the freeze-dried vaccine as demonstrated by trials carried out on the associated vaccine containing modified canine distemper viruses and viruses of infectious canine hepatitis. 

The most compelling evidence against a microbial etiology is the fact that no single infectious agent has been identified as the cause of MS. Many possible agents have been implicated, including mycoplasma, spirochetes, rabies virus, herpes simplex, canine distemper virus, coronavirus, human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), MS-associated retrovirus, measles, and most recently, human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and Chlamydia pneumoniae However, to date, no causal relationship has been established. ... 

Bencsik, A., Malcus, C., Akaoka, H., Giraudon, P., Belin, M.F., and Bernard, A. 1996. Selective induction of cytokines in mouse brain infected with canine distemper virus Stmctural, cellular and temporal expression. J. Neuroimmunol. 65, 1-9. 

Hall, W.W., Lamb, R.A., and Choppin, P.W. 1980. The polypeptides of canine distemper virus Synthesis in infected cells and relatedness to the polypeptides of other morbilliviruses. Virology 100, 433 49. Herden, C., Herzog, S., Richt, J.A., Nesseler, A., Christ, M., Failing, K., and Frese, K. 2000. Distribution of Boma disease virus in the brain of rats infected with an obesity-inducing virus strain. Brain Pathol 10, 39-48. 

Summers, B.A. and Appel, M.J. 1994. Aspects of canine distemper virus and measles virus encepha-lomyeUtis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 20, 525-534. 

Vandevelde, M. and Kristensen, B. 1977. Observations on the distribution of canine distemper virus in the central nervous system of dogs with demyelinating encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol. (Bert.) 40, 233-236. 

Vandevelde, M. and Zurbriggen, A. 1995. The neurobiology of canine distemper virus infection. Vet. Microbiol. 44, 271-280. 

Wild, T.F., Bernard, A., Spehner, D., Villeval, D., and Drillien, R. 1993. Vaccination of mice against canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis with vaccinia virus recombinants encoding measles or canine distemper vims antigens. Vaccine 11, 438-444. 

TSP and cancer. Moibilli and canine distemper virus-induced cell fusions (sync5 tia) are mediated by CD9 TSP. TSP proteins involved in dendritic cell and l5nnphoc5 te movements and their eell-to-cell interaction. Cancer cell interaction with stromal cells involve TSP proteins (the Villejuif studies). TSP increased colon cancer eell migration by downregulating laminin-binding... 

Morbillivirus (measles and measleslike viruses, canine distemper virus). Pneumovirus (respiratory syncytial virus). 

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