CA Volume Indexes

Two volumes of Chemical Abstracts each containing 26 issues are published annually. This means that two comprehensive volume indexes are issued per year each containing the following individual indexes  

Up until 1972 only one Subject Index appeared. It contained substances as well as subject terms. In order to facilitate the search for literature, this extensive index was subdivided. Today the Subject Index is issued in three parts the General Subject Index, the Chemical Substance Index and the Index Guide. Information about literature published before 1972 is all included in the Subject Index. 

As the success of a literature search depends on the effective use of the various volume indexes, it is essential to be familiar with all the details of the information as it appears in the volume indexes. 

The General Subject Index contains no specific substance names (these belong in the Chemical Substance Index), but refers to more general subjects like  

The General Subject Index (Fig. 20) differs considerably from the Keyword Index (Fig. 16) in the CA issues. 

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For the organic chemist, knowledge of, and access to, the more familiar components of the printed products of Chemical Abstracts is still desirable CA abstracts CA Volume Indexes and CA Collective Indexes CA Index Gnide CAS Source Index (CASSI) Registry Handbook Number Section the Ring Systems Handbook and CA Selects. 

CA Volume Indexes are in-depth compilations, whose entries are selected by the CAS indexer from original documents and not just from the abstracts. Printed editions of the CA Volume Indexes were published annually until 1962 and, thereafter semiannually (every six months) until 2009. 

These registry numbers are not found in CA Volume Indexes. 

The Index Guide is a work of reference providing cross-references to the various CA volume indexes. It is not itself an index as it does not refer directly to abstract numbers. It comprises an alphabetically ordered collection of subject terms, synonyms, acronyms, trivial and trade names, all concepts which are not used in the strictly controlled vocabulary of the indexes. For instance, an entry may refer to the corresponding systematic substance name as used in... 

At the end of each five-year period - the last one, the twelfth, ended in 1991 -the ten CA volume indexes issued during that period are combined into a single large collective index. It contains no additional information (Fig. 29). 

Volume Indexes to CA are based on a controlled vocabulary developed by CAS. To provide chemists with more rapid indexing of the contents of individual CA issues, a form of quick indexing (designated as the Keyword Index) was published with each issue from 1963 to 2009. Keyword Indexes use a more informal vocabulary than the concise terms in Volume Indexes and are not a substitute for them. 

CA Collective Indexes (CIs) combine into single, organised listings the contents of individual Volume Indexes. Printed ten-year (decennial) CA Collective Indexes were published for abstracts issued from 1907 to 1956 (1st Cl to 5th Cl) five-year (quinquennial) Collective Indexes were published in a print format for abstracts issued from 1957 to 2001 (6th Cl to 14th Cl). The 15th Cl (2002 to 2006) was published in a CD-ROM format only. Table 1.1 gives details of the publication dates and constituent volume numbers for the decennial and quinquennial CA Collective Indexes. 

During the eighth Collective Index period (1967 to 1971), the CAS Chemical Registry System was introduced (see Section 9.1), and chemical substances were further identified by their CAS Registry Numbers in the eighth and subsequent printed Collective Indexes and in Volume Indexes from Volume 71 (July to December 1969) onward. 

A system for the alphabetization and ordering of personal names in CA has evolved, and is explained in the introduction to the Author Indexes in the Volume Indexes and the Collective Indexes. 

Separate Numerical Patent Indexes with CA abstract numbers were published for the periods 1907 to 1936 (CA Volumes 1-30) (by the Special Libraries Association) and 1937 to 1946 (CA Volumes 31-40) and 1947 to 1956 (CA Volumes 41-50) (by the American Chemical Society), respectively. Numerical Patent Indexes became part of CA Collective Indexes from the sixth Cl onward (1957 to 1961). The CA Patent Concordance was started in 1963, and merged with the Numerical Patent Index in 1981 to form the Patent Index. 

Abstracts fill almost 35,000 pages in CA annually. Weekly indexes add another 8000 pages each year, and the more detailed and comprehensive volume indexes published every six months total almost 30,000 pages per year. 

Compound Ca P 0—H stretching frequency, cm " 0—0 distance from infrared data, A PO4 volume index"... 

Dictionary of Organic Compounds, 6th ed., Buckingham, J., ed. Chapman Hall, New York, 1996. The DOC is an excellent source for physical and chemical data on over 100,000 organic compounds and derivatives. Entries also provide literature references for synthesis, characterization, spectra, and properties, making the DOC useful as a starting point in a literature search. The 6th edition is in nine volumes. Volumes 1-6 contain the data for the compounds. Volume 7 is a name index with cross-references. Volume 8 contains a molecular-formula index, and Volume 9 is a CAS RN index. Some institutions subscribe to a Web version of the DOC and similar compilations called the Combined Chemical Dictionary (CCD), part of the ChemNetBase system provided by Chapman Hall/CRC Press. 

Operating parameters such as SET, dissolved oxygen (DO), MLSS, sludge volume index (SVI), suspended solids removal. The two last parameters are important in CAS processes where secondary clarification is employed for the solids/liquid separation (Rossine/a/., 1982 Santos and Judd, 2010 Sterritt and Lester, 1981). 

The current CA is also available on CD-ROM, which not only contains abstracts and associated weekly issue indexes, but also in-depth volume index entries and patent families. 

The source from which a document can be obtained is identified by an Availability Code. A list of Availability Codes is to be found in the introduction to the first issue of a CA volume. When no code is given for technical reports, deposited documents or dissertations, then the title itself has been included in the CAS Source Index and the appropriate sources for ordering the document are shown there (Sect. 3.1). 

The Keyword Index consists of a series of words and phrases selected from the title and text of the abstract (Fig. 16). Subject terms and substance names are listed alphabetically. The substance names included in the Keyword Index seldom correspond to the systematic CA Index Names. They can be trivial or semi-systematic names, but are, in each case, the designations used by the author in his paper and thus also included in the CA abstract. Only the volume indexes of the Chemical Abstracts contain the systematic substance names. 

Document Code or Patent Kind Code This indicates what stage has been reached in the application process for that particular patent e.g. whether it is an unexamined patent or a patent application. Explanations about the application status are contained in the first issue of each Chemical Abstracts volume and in the introduction to the Patent Index of a CA volume. The patent Kind Code is individually explained for each country as its meaning can differ, e.g. Al patent application of a DE patent, Cl granted DE patent. 

In the first issue of each CA volume the abstracts part is explained, each index is preceded by a description of its organization. Every fortnight, i.e. in each odd-numbered issue there is a list of the journals and other publications which have been covered by Chemical Abstracts for the first time or which have changed their title or mode of publication. This information is compiled and subsequently appears in the supplements to the CAS Source Index (Sect. 3.1). 

The largest discrepancy in terminology between CA abstracts, the CA issue index and the appropriate volume index occurs in the substance names. The Chemical Substance Index employs only the systematic CA Index Names for substances, not the trivial or semi-systematic names generally used by an author in his paper. The Chemical Abstracts Service assigns systematic CA Index Names to each substance mentioned in Chemical Abstracts and to all... 

Thus, this CA volume contains abstracts about this substance or one or more of its derivatives. As no abstract numbers are given, the systematic CA Index Name obtained from the Index of Ring Systems is used to continue the search in the Chemical Substance Index which contains fiirther information about the substance itself and possibly also about its derivatives. 

Collective indexes are an invaluable tool in a retrospective literature search as they eliminate the repetition of identical steps which would be necessary when using the appropriate volume indexes, and at the same time they offer simultaneous access to several million abstracts. For the first time the Ninth CA Collective Index with its 57 volumes and 20 million entries was recorded as the largest index in the world by the Guinness Book of Records. It is far surpassed by the Twelfth Collective Index with a total of 115 volumes published in 1992. All collective indexes are published also on microfiche and microfilm. 

The following samples searches have been chosen to demonstrate the use of as many different tools as possible. The searches are mainly limited to one CA volume. It should be borne in mind that the searcher has to repeat all search steps for each volume and each collective index to obtain a complete search. These steps are reduced with an online search but online searches reach their limits when the literature is required before 1967. In this case the printed CAS services have to be used anyway. 

In order to illustrate the Numerical Patent Index and the Patent Concordance, which were both issued until 1981, the patent CH 609,340 will be searched in the volume index to Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 91. The Numerical Patent Index was edited from 1937, the Patent Concordance from 1962 (Sect. 2.1.4). These indexes are almost the only information source to give access to old patent documents because most patent databases only cover back to the 1960s and the contents of the CA database only go back to 1967. 

The Ring Systems File (Fig. 76) not only provides the systematic CA Index Name, with which the literature search can be continued in the Chemical Abstracts volume indexes, but also shows the abstract number in which the substance was first reported (Chemical Abstracts Volume 81 published in 1974). 

Before the search is continued in the tenth to twelfth collective indexes for the period from 1977 to 1991, the Index Guide should be consulted to ascertain whether the systematic CA Index Name is also valid for this collective period. As the substance name is not mentioned in the Index Guide, the Chemical Substance Index to the tenth collective period can be immediately consulted. But no entry is to found there. The search in the CA collective and volume indexes up to 1993 also proved to be fruitless. 

The Accession Number of documents in CApreviews is not identical with the CA Volume and Abstract Number in field AN of the CA file or in the printed Chemical Abstracts. The documents are directly transferred to the CA file after being indexed by CAS employees. It is a dynamic file, containing an average of 100,000 documents (approx. 16% are patents), and it is updated daily. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 The ASTM MnnualBook ofMSTM Standards contains all up-to-date formally approved (ca 9000) ASTM standard specifications, test methods, classifications, definitions, practices, and related materials, eg, proposals. These are arranged in 15 sections plus an index volume as follows. 

In its eadiest years, the printed ChemicalP hstracts provided lengthy abstracts that could often serve as surrogates for original documents. Derwent stiU does this in some instances, but CAS on the other hand strives to be a pointer to original documents. The volume of nonpatent and patent Hterature covered in CA dictates that complete abstracts are impractical, although CA indexing records can contain a wealth of detail not hinted at in abstracts. 

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