Butanol solubility

However, for the past 30 years fractional separation has been the basis for most asphalt composition analysis (Fig. 10). The separation methods that have been used divide asphalt into operationally defined fractions. Four types of asphalt separation procedures are now in use ( /) chemical precipitation in which / -pentane separation of asphaltenes is foUowed by chemical precipitation of other fractions with sulfuric acid of increasing concentration (ASTM D2006) (2) solvent fractionation separation of an "asphaltene" fraction by the use of 1-butanol foUowed by dissolution of the 1-butanol solubles in... 

Damnacanthol-3-0-(3-D-primeveroside (203) and lucidin 3-0-P-D-primeveroside (204), two anthraquinone isolates from -butanol soluble phase of the methanol extract of Morinda citrifolia L. (family Rubiaceae) roots, were evaluated to demonstrate a significant reduction of the blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) at 5 h after oral administration (100 mg/kg/body-weight). ... 

Details of the extraction methods for ficine (4) and isoficine (5) were not given. Phyllospadine (6) was isolated from the flavonoid-containing n-butanol-soluble extract from dried plant material (4). The alkaloids from Vochysia and Buchenavia were isolated by conventional procedures, utilizing acid-base extraction and subsequent column or thin-layer chromatography using silica gel or alumina (5,6). 

Because a-dicarbonyl compounds are particularly reactive, Weenen and Apeldoom57 specifically looked for these compounds by means of derivatisation with o-diaminobenzene among the butanol-soluble fragmentation products formed in 15 systems (glucose, fructose, xylose, 3-deoxyglucosone, or fructosylalanine without amine or with alanine or cyclohexylamine 1 h, 100 °C, phosphate buffer, pH 8). Four a-dicarbonyls were obtained glyoxal, 2-oxopropanal, butanedione, and 2,3-pentanedione. 

Naphthalocyanines (Nc) are of interest for applications involving near-infrared sensitivity. Nikles et al. (1992) used an w-butanol soluble derivative, [RO(CH3)2SiO]2 SiNc, and prepared the generation layers by solution coating. Hayashi et al. (1992) made generation layers from -SiO SiNc as dispersions and as vapor-deposited layers. The best results were obtained with a vapor-deposited generation layer and a transport layer containing bis(p-diethyl-aminophenyl-4,4-diphenyl)-l,3-butadiene. 

O. ovata from Okinawa, Japan, produced a butanol-soluble compound which was lethal to mice (Nakajima et al. 1981) this was later confirmed by Yasumoto et al. (1987), who also detected slight haemolytic activity in the O. ovata cell extracts. On the other hand, crude methanol extracts of O. ovata from the Virgin Islands were found to be nontoxic to mice (Tindall et al. 1990). Summer blooms of O. ovata in the Italian coasts have been coimected to respiratory problems in swimmers and sunbathers, most probably through inhalation of toxic aerosols (Sansoni et al. 2003 Simoni et al. 2003, 2004) such problems could possibly arise from inhalation of a palytoxin-like substance (Paddle 2003). Finally, extracts of O. ovata from Brazil and the Mediterranean Sea contained substances exhibiting strong delayed haemolysis, inhibited by ouabain, and mouse lethality with symptoms typical of palytoxin (Graneli et al. 2002 Riobo et al. 2004 Penna et al. 2005). 

Zhu et al. [222] examined the antimicrobial activities of four flavonoids, luteolin-7-rutinoside, cynaroside. Fig. (31), apigenin-7-rutinoside and apigenin-7-G-P-Z)-glucopyranoside, isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of artichoke leaf extracts (Cynara scolymus). The compounds showed activity against most of the tested organisms, and were more effective against fungi than bacteria. The MIC values of these compounds were between 50 and 200 )J.g/ml. 

Another example describes the isolation of three hexasaccharides (I, HI and V) and two trisaccharides (II and IV) from the leaves of Agave fourcroydes (36). Air-dried leaves were extracted with methanol and applied to a column of Diaion HP-20. The fraction eluted with 100% methanol was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% aqueous methanol and the aqueous phase was further extracted with re-butanol. This re-butanol-soluble fraction was subjected to ODS column chromatography and eluted with gradient mixtures of 50-100% methanol in water. Rechromatography over ODS of the 80% methanol-eluted fraction using gradient mixtures of 60-75% methanol in water furnished... 

The defatted, air-dried plant material is extracted with methanol, either cold or hot, or with 50% aqueous methanol at ambient temperature. Fresh plant materials have to be processed immediately after collection to prevent fungal growth and enzymatic hydrolysis of the saponins. During extraction, care should be taken as saponins may undergo transformation, e.g. esterification of acidic saponins, hydrolysis of labile ester groups or transacylation, etc. Often the crude extract is suspended in water and partitioned using ethyl acetate and -butanol successively. Most of the saponin constituents are found in the -butanol soluble fraction. However, the low-polar saponin constituents may be present in the ethyl acetate part while the most highly polar saponins may be found in the aqueous layer, as in the case of Saponaria officinalis [2],... 

After a 4 day incubation period, the four groups of D. dolichopetala seedlings were extracted with methanol, aliquots of which were analysed by HPLC-RC. The metabolic profiles obtained indicated extensive metabolism of all the applied labels and the accumulation of a number of metabolite peaks (Fig. 13). Each methanolic extract was then reduced to the aqueous phase and separated into acidic ethyl acetate- and butanol-soluble... 

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae), a famous folk medicine known as "Pasak Bumi" in Southeast Asia, has been used as an antimalaria and tonic etc. The roots of E. longifolia collected in Indonesia were treated with 50% aqueous methanol, TTie extract was partitioned between water and ether, then n-butanol successively. The chromatographic purification of ether and n-butanol soluble fractions furnished canthin alkaloids (34 -36) and quassinoids (37 - 42), respectively. Their structures were coiifirmed as shown in Fig. 5 by various spect data or comparison with... 

The production of a butanol-soluble compound exhibiting mouse lethality was reported for... 

In our study the butanol-soluble fraction was proved to be effective for terminating pregnancy in rats. The results agreed with literature reports and suggested the active principles should be hydrophilic components. However, some soponins we subjected to test showed not effective and the water eluent on a highly porous polymer chromatography seems much better than individual saponin in animal test. The experiments should be repeated and confirmed to make a conclusion carefully. 

The whole plants of A. lingalatus were collected from Li-Jiang county, Yunnan Province. The butanol-soluble fraction of a 70% ethanol extract was chromatographed over Diaion HP-20, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and C8 reversed-phase silica gel to yield four new saponines 27-30, The structures of the saponins we isolated were determined by acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, esterification and various spectral analyses. The common aglycone to all new saponins was proved to be 3, 16a-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, which connected a commone glucose unit at C3 and different sugar units at C2,. 

In Hunan and Zhejiang Provinces, the leaves of I. latifolia Thunb. are commonly used as the materials of Ku-Ding-Cha. The butanol soluble fraction of the methanol extract of its leaves was repeatedly chromatographed on silica gel column and preparative HPLC to afford sixteen new triterpenoidal saponins, latifolosides A-P, together with two known saponins, kudinosides A and G, and an ionone glycoside, cis-roseoside, as well as a flavonoid glycoside, nicotiflorin[5]. 

Prolongation of hexobarbital-induced sleeping times was observed in mice intraperitoneally administered 6.25 to 50 mg/kg of the butanol-soluble fraction of a methanolic extract of polygala (Nikaido et al. 1982). 

The pol3nners were white or pale yellow powders and were thermally decomposed above 240 C without melting. The molecular weight of the polymers was determined by vapor phase osmometry (VPO), Table 2. All polymers were Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol and n-butanol, soluble in chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), and very soluble in trifluoro-acetic acid (TFA). 

Ether and butanol soluble fractions from Amphidinium showed hemolytic activity, although toxicity to the mouse was detected only for the butanol soluble fraction (Yasumoto et al. 1980). 

An interesting bioassay measures the mouse body temperature depression (Gamboa et al. 1990 Gamboa and Park 1985 Juranovic and Park, unpublished data Sawyer et al. 1984) following IP injections of toxic fish or dinoflagellate extracts. The rectal temperature of the animals is measured and recorded immediately before the administration of the extracts and periodically for 16 or 48 hr. A pronounced drop in the body temperature of the mice was observed following the injection of a methanol extract of G. toxicus. Juranovic and Park (unpublished data) showed the butanol soluble fraction (MTX-like fraction) of... 

Fig. 2. Total cytokinin activity of butanol-soluble fraction of leaf (O) and root ( ) exudates collected at various times after the start of the 22-h inductive LD. Exudation started at the indicated times and lasted 16 h. Exudates showed no activity in the aqueous fraction...

Moreover, the butanol-soluble fraction of Sun ginseng is formulated into KG-135 which contains Rk3 Rs3, Rs4, Rs5, Rs6, and Rs7 in addition to the major antitumor ginsenosides [16, 53]. 

Sevag and Ishii (1958) have set about to identify the fluorescent compounds accumulated in a sulfathiazole-inhibited PABA-less mutant of E. coli incubated with PABA. Of three fluorescent compounds isolated, one resembled OF, another was assumed to be a reduced pteroic acid derivative, and the third resembled pteroic acid. Cell extracts incubated with PABA formed a butanol-soluble yellow pigment. On hydrolysis, the pigment yielded PABA, glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine the pigment was inactive for S. faecalis and the E. coli mutant. A yellow pigment absorbing at... 

Clearer evidence for an enzymatic cleavage stemmed from the observation that the yeast Candida tropicalis grown with high aminopterin and becoming resistant, might show intensely yellow secondary colonies (Nickerson and Webb, 1956). The yellow pigment was butanol-soluble. It is not clear from Webb (1955) to what extent the yellow pigment consisted of free pterins he identified the 6-carboxylic acid and the 6-hydroxymethyl derivatives as the main split products of aminopterin, and therefore assumed the primary split product to be the aldehyde which then underwent a Cannizzaro reaction. 

Compounds Isolated from n-Butanol Soluble Fraction of Peucedamm Japonicum... 

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