Splitting production

Figure 7-6. Mechanism for catalysis by an aspartic protease such as HIV protease. Curved arrows Indicate directions of electron movement. Aspartate X acts as a base to activate a water molecule by abstracting a proton. The activated water molecule attacks the peptide bond, forming a transient tetrahedral Intermediate. Aspartate Y acts as an acid to facilitate breakdown of the tetrahedral intermediate and release of the split products by donating a proton to the newly formed amino group. Subsequent shuttling of the proton on Asp X to Asp Y restores the protease to its initial state.

Histamine Serotonin Platelet-activating factor (PAF) Eicosanoids (various prostaglandins and leukotrienes) C3a, C4a, and C5a from the complement system Bradykinin and fibrin split products from the coagulation system... 

Glycosidic linkage Emyme Emyme glycoside First split-product ... 

Complement. Complement is an extensive series of glycoproteins and protein inhibitors whose function includes major cytolytic effects, mediation of opsonization, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Activation of this system plays an important role in host defense leading to destruction of microorganisms. It also results in generation of anaphylotoxins which induce mediator release and "split products" that mediate membrane damage, either directly through structural alteration or indirectly, via cell chemotaxis and regulation. 

Chitin, (CaH, 3N05)n mw (203.19)n, N 6.89%, wh solid(when pure) insol in w in solvs which dissolve cellulose decomp to glucosamine(also called chitosamine) acetic acid when boiled with coned HC1 nitrous acid converts it to chitose, a form of sugar treatment with strong alkalies gives AcOH cbitosan, a split-product of chitin (Refs 4 7)... 

The metabolic pool that consists of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and the two triose phosphates—glyceralde-hyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)—is somewhat different from the other two pools of intermediates in glycolysis because of the nature of the chemical relationships between these compounds. In the other pools the relative concentrations of the component compounds at equilibrium are independent of the absolute concentrations. Because of the cleavage of one substrate into two products, the relative concentrations of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and the triose phosphates are functions of the actual concentrations. For such reactions, the relative concentrations of the split products must increase with dilution. (For the reaction A v B + C, the equilibrium constant is equal to [B][C]/[A], If the concentration of A decreases, for example, by a factor of 4, equilibrium is... 

Whether to operate only one site or split production across several sites,... 

The underlying design principle of how to split production across a multi-plant net-work and the integration of individual sites into the overall production network,... 

In experimental serum sickness, a fall in serum complement level occurs at the time immune complexes form and inflammatory lesions develop (D6). However, levels of complement do not always reflect activation or consumption by immune complexes. The rate of synthesis of complement proteins may be sufficient to replace the amount being consumed, and several of the complement components are so-called acute-phase reactants, i.e., their levels rise with inflammation. Thus, activation may occur despite normal or even elevated levels in the serum. Turnover studies provide more direct evidence of complement utilization but are technically cumbersome (K4). A simpler approach is the detection of split products of complement components, which provides direct evidence of complement activation, or the examination of effusions for evidence of complement depletion (H31, N7, P7). 

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